Dear Aspirants, welcome to today’s daily current affairs analysis from TheHindu.Club. Current affairs form the backbone of the General Studies curriculum across major competitive exams including the UPSC Civil Services Examination, State PSCs, SSC CGL, Banking (IBPS/SBI), and Railways exams. Consistency is the secret weapon of successful candidates. Let us review the most relevant national and international developments of the day, carefully curated to sharpen your exam readiness.

1. Delimitation and Electoral Representation in India

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The debate surrounding electoral delimitation has once again gained prominence in national discourse. Delimitation literally means the act or process of fixing limits or boundaries of territorial constituencies in a country or a province having a legislative body. Under Article 82 of the Constitution, Parliament enacts a Delimitation Act after every Census, following which a Delimitation Commission is constituted to readjust the division of each State into territorial constituencies for the Lok Sabha.

The core challenge stems from the constitutional freeze placed on constituency reallocation by the 42nd Amendment Act of 1976 and further extended until the first census taken after 2026 by the 84th Amendment Act of 2001. Southern states, having successfully implemented family planning and population control policies over the past five decades, express concern that a delimitation based purely on updated population metrics will reduce their political representation in Parliament relative to higher-fertility northern states, thus testing India’s cooperative federalism.

Exam Relevance: Highly critical for UPSC CSE GS Paper II (Indian Constitution, Federalism, Representation of People’s Act) and State PSC General Studies.

Key Facts to Remember:

• Constitutional Provisions: Article 82 (Delimitation of Lok Sabha seats) and Article 170 (Composition of State Legislative Assemblies).
• Delimitation Commission: Appointed by the President of India; operates in tandem with the Election Commission of India. Its orders have the force of law and cannot be questioned in any court of law.
• Historical Context: Delimitation Commissions have been set up four times in India—in 1952, 1963, 1973, and 2002.

2. Scaling Agricultural Resilience: The PM-KUSUM Scheme

The Pradhan Mantri Kisan Urja Suraksha evam Utthaan Mahabhiyan (PM-KUSUM) remains central to India’s agricultural energy security and net-zero commitments. Implemented by the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE), the scheme aims to de-dieselise the farm sector by providing solar-powered agricultural pumps and supporting grid-connected renewable power plants on barren or fallow agricultural lands.

The scheme has witnessed targeted policy recalibrations to overcome implementation bottlenecks such as high initial capital expenditure and land lease complexities. By integrating the installation of solar pumps with localized mini-grids, state distribution companies (DISCOMs) are reducing agricultural power subsidies while creating an additional revenue stream for farmers who feed surplus green energy back into the distribution grid.

Exam Relevance: Relevant for UPSC GS Paper III (Agriculture, Government Policies, Energy Infrastructure), SSC CGL, and Banking/NABARD examinations.

Key Facts to Remember:

• Component A: Setting up of 10,000 MW of Decentralized Ground/Stilt Mounted Grid Connected Solar or other Renewable Energy based Power Plants.
• Component B: Installation of 20 lakh standalone Solar Powered Agriculture Pumps.
• Component C: Solarisation of 15 lakh Grid-connected Agriculture Pumps, including feeder level solarisation.
• Nodal Ministry: Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE).

3. India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor (IMEC) Developments

The India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor (IMEC), originally unveiled on the sidelines of the G20 New Delhi Leaders’ Summit, continues to serve as a pivotal strategic blueprint for transcontinental connectivity. The corridor seeks to link India to the Arabian Gulf via sea lanes, extend through railway networks crossing the UAE, Saudi Arabia, and Jordan, and finally connect to European ports such as Piraeus through Mediterranean sea routes.

Beyond traditional freight transportation, IMEC is designed as an infrastructure bundle incorporating electricity cables, clean hydrogen pipelines, and high-speed digital data cables. For India, the corridor provides an alternative trade corridor that bypasses maritime chokepoints such as the Bab-el-Mandeb and Suez Canal, reducing transit times to European markets by up to 40 percent and slashing logistics costs.

Exam Relevance: Relevant for UPSC GS Paper II (Bilateral and Regional Groupings, International Relations) and GS Paper III (Infrastructure and Connectivity).

Key Facts to Remember:

• Two Distinct Corridors: The East Corridor (connecting India to the Arabian Gulf) and the Northern Corridor (connecting the Gulf to Europe).
• Key Signatories: India, the United States, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, the European Union, France, Germany, and Italy.
• Strategic Significance: Synergistic with the G7 Partnership for Global Infrastructure and Investment (PGII).

4. Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC): Expanding e-Rupee Interoperability

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has made consistent progress with its sovereign digital currency, the Digital Rupee (e-Rupee or CBDC-R). Recent developments focus on deepening interoperability between the digital rupee and the Unified Payments Interface (UPI) network, enabling users to scan existing merchant UPI QR codes using digital rupee wallet applications.

Unlike commercial bank deposits or private cryptocurrencies, a CBDC is a legal tender issued directly by the sovereign central bank, representing a direct liability on the central bank’s balance sheet. The ongoing pilot testing covers retail and wholesale applications, offline payment mechanisms for rural financial inclusion, and cross-border settlement channels that mitigate foreign exchange conversion fees and dependency on traditional messaging architectures like SWIFT.

Exam Relevance: Important for UPSC GS Paper III (Indian Economy, Monetary Policy, Science and Tech) and Banking/RBI Grade B examinations.

Key Facts to Remember:

• Legal Framework: Enabled by amendments made to the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934 through the Finance Bill, 2022.
• Characteristics: Token-based sovereign currency equivalent to cash; carries sovereign backing and operates alongside physical notes.
• Two Variants: CBDC-Wholesale (CBDC-W) for interbank settlement and CBDC-Retail (CBDC-R) for everyday consumer use.

5. Biodiversity Conservation: Aligning with the Kunming-Montreal Framework

India’s updated National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP) aligns domestic conservation policy with the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (KMGBF). Adopted under the UN Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), the KMGBF features 23 global targets set for 2030, headlined by the ambitious “30×30” goal, which mandates the effective conservation and management of at least 30 percent of the world’s land, inland waters, coastal areas, and oceans.

India fulfills these targets through Protected Areas, Other Effective Area-based Conservation Measures (OECMs), community reserves, and sacred groves. The National Biodiversity Authority (NBA), established under the Biological Diversity Act, 2002, works closely with State Biodiversity Boards (SBBs) and local Biodiversity Management Committees (BMCs) to secure Peoples’ Biodiversity Registers (PBRs) and enforce Fair and Equitable Benefit Sharing (ABS) mechanisms.

Exam Relevance: Critical for UPSC GS Paper III (Environment, Ecology, and Biodiversity) and State Forest Service examinations.

Key Facts to Remember:

• Key Target (30×30): Conserve 30% of degraded terrestrial, inland water, coastal, and marine ecosystems by 2030.
• Statutory Body: National Biodiversity Authority (NBA), headquartered in Chennai, established under the Biological Diversity Act, 2002.
• Decentralized Tool: Peoples’ Biodiversity Registers (PBRs) document local biological resources and traditional community knowledge.

6. Gaganyaan and Human Spaceflight: Vyommitra Test Runs

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is advancing the validation phases of the Gaganyaan programme, which aims to demonstrate indigenous human spaceflight capability to Low Earth Orbit (LEO). Crucial uncrewed test missions utilize the humanoid robot “Vyommitra” to simulate human physiology, monitor environmental control and life support systems (ECLSS), and verify crew module structural integrity during atmospheric re-entry.

The Gaganyaan architecture includes the Launch Vehicle Mark-3 (LVM3) certified for human safety (HLVM3), a reliable Crew Escape System (CES), and specialized environmental recovery protocols executed alongside the Indian Navy. The technological breakthroughs developed during these tests lay the operational foundation for the planned Bharatiya Antariksh Station (BAS).

Exam Relevance: UPSC GS Paper III (Science and Technology, Indigenization of Technology), SSC CGL, and Defence examinations.

Key Facts to Remember:

• Launch Vehicle: Human-Rated LVM3 (HLVM3).
• Vyommitra: Female-looking half-humanoid robot designed to converse, monitor module parameters, and test flight safety before crewed missions.
• Orbit: Circular Low Earth Orbit (LEO) at an altitude of approximately 400 km for up to 3 days.

7. National Mission on Natural Farming (NMNF) and Soil Health

The Government of India is scaling up the National Mission on Natural Farming (NMNF) to transition farming practices away from chemical inputs toward chemical-free, ecologically sustainable agriculture. Natural farming relies on on-farm biomass recycling, indigenous cow-based preparations, and biological pest control mechanisms rather than synthetic fertilizers and insecticides.

Unlike organic farming, which often incurs high certification costs and allows bought-out organic fertilizers, natural farming prioritizes zero external purchasing. Components such as Jeevamrit (fermented microbial inoculant) and Beejamrit (seed treatment) promote beneficial soil microbial activity, improve moisture retention, and reduce overall cost of cultivation for marginal farmers, supporting both soil conservation and agrarian income stability.

Exam Relevance: High utility for UPSC GS Paper III (Sustainable Agriculture, Soil Conservation), State PSCs, and NABARD Grade A/B.

Key Facts to Remember:

• Core Pillars: Jeevamrit (soil enhancement), Beejamrit (seed coating), Acchadana (mulching), and Whapasa (soil aeration).
• Parent Framework: Evolved from the Bharatiya Prakritik Krishi Paddhati (BPKP) under the Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana (PKVY).
• Target Focus: Demarcated agro-climatic zones, river basins (such as along the River Ganga corridor), and rainfed agrarian pockets.

8. Defence Technology: Project Kusha and Air Defence Capabilities

The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) continues the targeted development of “Project Kusha,” an indigenous long-range surface-to-air missile (LR-SAM) defence system. The project provides India with a multilayered air defence network comparable to global systems such as the Russian S-400 Triumf, the American Patriot PAC-3, and the Israeli David’s Sling.

Project Kusha aims to deploy long-range interceptor missiles capable of neutralizing low-radar cross-section stealth aircraft, ballistic and cruise missiles, precision-guided munitions, and unmanned aerial vehicles at ranges spanning up to 350 kilometres. Operating alongside the indigenous Akash (short-range) and MRSAM (medium-range) systems, Project Kusha will establish a comprehensive multi-tier air defence umbrella over critical national infrastructure.

Exam Relevance: Essential for UPSC GS Paper III (Indigenisation of Technology, Internal Security) and CDS/NDA/CAPF exams.

Key Facts to Remember:

• Executing Agency: Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO).
• Operational Reach: Interceptor ranges planned across 150 km, 250 km, and 350 km bands against various aerial threats.
• Strategic Value: Bolsters the Integrated Air Command and Control System (IACCS) of the Indian Air Force.

9. Great Nicobar Holistic Development Project: Environmental Scrutiny

The multi-billion dollar Great Nicobar Holistic Development Project overseen by the Andaman and Nicobar Islands Integrated Development Corporation (ANIIDCO) remains a subject of administrative momentum and environmental evaluation. The megaproject includes an International Container Transhipment Terminal (ICTT) at Galathea Bay, an international airport, a township, and a gas and solar-based power plant.

Proponents highlight Galathea Bay’s proximity to the Malacca Strait—one of the world’s busiest maritime transit routes—stressing the project’s strategic and trade potential. However, environmentalists and anthropologists have voiced strong concerns regarding the diversion of pristine rainforest, potential threats to nesting sites of the Giant Leatherback Sea Turtle, and the protection of vulnerable tribal groups, specifically the Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group (PVTG) Shompen and the coastal Nicobarese.

Exam Relevance: Critical for UPSC GS Paper I (Geography, Tribal Demographics), GS Paper II (Tribal Rights), and GS Paper III (Environment Impact Assessment).

Key Facts to Remember:

• Location: Great Nicobar Island, the southernmost island of the Andaman and Nicobar archipelago.
• Protected Areas Involved: Campbell Bay National Park and Galathea National Park, both forming the Great Nicobar Biosphere Reserve.
• Indigenous Inhabitants: Shompen (a Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group) and the Great Nicobarese.

10. Global Standards on Anti-Money Laundering: The FATF Mechanism

The Financial Action Task Force (FATF), the global money laundering and terrorist financing watchdog, continues to evaluate nations on their compliance with its 40 Recommendations. The FATF uses peer reviews known as Mutual Evaluations to assess a country’s legislative frameworks, implementation effectiveness, and regulatory enforcement against illicit financial flows.

Nations that fail to address strategic deficiencies are placed on the FATF lists: the “Grey List” (jurisdictions under increased monitoring) and the “Black List” (high-risk jurisdictions subject to a call for action). Placement on these lists restricts international borrowing, dampens foreign direct investment (FDI), increases compliance costs for international remittances, and damages sovereign credit profiles.

Exam Relevance: UPSC GS Paper II (International Organizations) and GS Paper III (Money Laundering, Internal Security), Banking examinations.

Key Facts to Remember:

• Establishment: Founded in 1989 by a G7 Summit initiative in Paris; secretariat housed at the OECD headquarters.
• Membership: 40 members (38 jurisdictions and 2 regional organizations: GCC and European Commission). India became a member in 2010.
• Core Lists: “Jurisdictions under Increased Monitoring” (Grey List) and “High-Risk Jurisdictions subject to a Call for Action” (Black List).

11. Water Security: Progress of Mission Amrit Sarovar

Launched to combat localized water distress, Mission Amrit Sarovar aims to construct or rejuvenate at least 75 water bodies (Amrit Sarovars) in every district across the country. The initiative pools resources across several central ministries, including the Ministry of Rural Development, Ministry of Jal Shakti, and Ministry of Panchayati Raj, alongside user mobilization via Mahatma Gandhi NREGS and technical support from the Bhaskaracharya National Institute for Space Applications and Geo-informatics (BISAG-N).

Each Amrit Sarovar must have a minimum pondage area of 1 acre with a water-holding capacity of approximately 10,000 cubic meters. By integrating traditional rainwater harvesting with modern spatial planning and community ownership, the mission recharges groundwater tables, supports micro-irrigation, and creates recreational centers that foster social unity in rural communities.

Exam Relevance: Relevant for UPSC GS Paper II (Welfare Schemes), GS Paper III (Water Resource Management), and SSC examinations.

Key Facts to Remember:

• Target Objective: 75 Amrit Sarovars per district across rural India.
• Geospatial Mapping: Monitored using satellite imagery and GIS tools managed by BISAG-N.
• Convergence Model: Integrates MGNREGS, XV Finance Commission grants, and Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY).

Quick Revision Points (One-Liners for Fast Recall)

• Article 82: Mandates readjustment of parliamentary constituencies after every Census via a Delimitation Commission.
• PM-KUSUM: Component B provides standalone solar agricultural pumps up to 7.5 HP capacity to farmers.
• IMEC Corridor: Transcontinental connectivity project linking India to Europe through the UAE, Saudi Arabia, and Jordan.
• CBDC-Retail: Non-interest bearing sovereign digital liability of the RBI, interoperable with merchant UPI QR codes.
• 30×30 Target: Foundational commitment of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework to protect 30% of land and sea by 2030.
• Vyommitra: ISRO’s humanoid robot engineered for environmental and life-support testing inside the Gaganyaan crew capsule.
• NMNF: National Mission on Natural Farming stresses non-chemical, on-farm biomass recycling via Jeevamrit and Beejamrit.
• Project Kusha: DRDO-led program building an indigenous 3-tier Long-Range Surface-to-Air Missile system (LR-SAM).
• Galathea Bay: Southern Nicobar site of the planned transhipment terminal and critical nesting habitat for Giant Leatherback Turtles.
• FATF Secretariat: Located at the OECD headquarters in Paris; monitors global anti-money laundering and counter-terror financing regimes.
• Mission Amrit Sarovar: National rural water conservation initiative targeting 75 rejuvenated water bodies per district.

Important for Which Exam? (Exam Mapping Matrix)

• UPSC Civil Services (Prelims & Mains):
  • GS Paper II: Delimitation Commission, FATF, IMEC Geopolitics.
  • GS Paper III: PM-KUSUM, CBDC Interoperability, Kunming-Montreal Biodiversity Framework, Gaganyaan, Project Kusha, Natural Farming.
  • GS Paper I / Environment: Great Nicobar Ecology and Tribal Vulnerabilities (Shompen).
• State Public Service Commissions (UPPSC, BPSC, MPSC, KPSC, etc.):
  • Constitutional provisions on Delimitation (Articles 82 & 170).
  • Mission Amrit Sarovar parameters and PM-KUSUM components.
  • Key science achievements: Gaganyaan, Vyommitra specifications.
• SSC CGL / CHSL & Railways (RRB NTPC):
  • Nodal ministries for PM-KUSUM (MNRE) and Amrit Sarovar (Rural Development).
  • Locations of Galathea Bay, Great Nicobar Island, and FATF Headquarters (Paris).
  • Vyommitra robot identity and LVM3 launch vehicle details.
• Banking & Financial Exams (IBPS PO, SBI PO, RBI Grade B, NABARD):
  • Reserve Bank of India Act amendments and e-Rupee roll-out dynamics.
  • FATF Grey/Black list classifications and international financing implications.
  • Priority sector agricultural initiatives: Natural farming models and PM-KUSUM financial subventions.

Dear Aspirants, revise these core points, correlate static constitutional and economic provisions with current events, and practice answer writing around these themes. Stay determined and keep learning!

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Dear Aspirants,

Welcome to today’s edition of TheHindu.Club Daily Current Affairs for 20 October 2026. Staying consistent with your daily news analysis is the single most critical factor in clearing competitive exams such as UPSC Civil Services, State PSCs, SSC CGL, Banking (IBPS/SBI PO), and Railways (RRB). We curate and filter the day’s high-yield issues, breaking them down into contextual explanations, exam relevance, and core facts for rapid retention.

1. National: Expansion of PM GatiShakti National Master Plan to Social Infrastructure

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The Ministry of Commerce and Industry, in coordination with the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT), has accelerated the onboarding of social infrastructure onto the PM GatiShakti National Master Plan (NMP). While initially launched to coordinate multi-modal physical infrastructure—such as railways, highways, ports, and inland waterways—the digital platform is now actively mapping public healthcare centres, primary and secondary schools, anganwadis, and vocational skilling hubs across districts.

By leveraging satellite imagery from the Bhaskaracharya National Institute for Space Applications and Geo-informatics (BISAG-N), district administrations can identify spatial gaps where populations lack access to essential civic facilities within a 5-to-10-kilometre radius. This spatial planning framework aims to eliminate departmental silos, optimize capital expenditure, and ensure that public assets are built where demand is highest rather than on ad-hoc administrative decisions.

Exam Relevance: Relevant for UPSC GS Paper 2 (Governance, Health, Education) and GS Paper 3 (Infrastructure, Planning, and Economic Development). Also useful for SSC and State PSC questions on government portals and GIS-based initiatives.

Key Facts for Aspirants:

• Launch Year: PM GatiShakti was launched in October 2021 with seven foundational engines: Roads, Railways, Airports, Ports, Mass Transport, Waterways, and Logistics Infrastructure.
• Nodal Agency: DPIIT under the Ministry of Commerce and Industry.
• Technology Partner: BISAG-N (Bhaskaracharya National Institute for Space Applications and Geo-informatics) provides GIS spatial data.
• Core Objective: Integrated planning and synchronized execution of infrastructure projects to reduce logistics costs to single digits of GDP.

2. International Relations: India-ASEAN Comprehensive Strategic Partnership and AITIGA Review

Delegations from India and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) have concluded another round of formal negotiations regarding the comprehensive review of the ASEAN-India Trade in Goods Agreement (AITIGA). Originally signed in 2009, the trade pact has long been flagged by Indian domestic manufacturers for creating persistent trade deficits and non-tariff barriers, particularly in sectors such as steel, chemicals, and agriculture.

The review seeks to make the trade agreement modern, user-friendly, and trade-facilitative. Discussions emphasize clearer Rules of Origin (ROO) to prevent third-party goods from circumventing import tariffs through Southeast Asian channels. Concurrently, both sides have reaffirmed their commitment to maritime security, adherence to the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), and ensuring an open, rules-based Indo-Pacific order.

Exam Relevance: High priority for UPSC GS Paper 2 (Bilateral, Regional, and Global Groupings involving India; Act East Policy) and Banking/RBI Grade B awareness sections on international trade agreements.

Key Facts for Aspirants:

• ASEAN Members: 10 member states: Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam (with Timor-Leste progressing toward full membership).
• AITIGA Signed: August 2009; entered into force in January 2010.
• Strategic Pillar: Integral to India’s “Act East” policy, first articulated at the 12th ASEAN-India Summit in Myanmar in 2014.
• Trade Deficit Concern: India’s trade deficit with ASEAN has expanded significantly since the agreement’s inception, prompting the current push for rebalancing.

3. Economy & Banking: Deepening e-Rupee (CBDC) Interoperability with UPI Architecture

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has issued fresh operational directives to commercial banks to expedite the integration of Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC-Retail) with existing Unified Payments Interface (UPI) QR codes. While CBDC represents a sovereign currency liability of the central bank rather than a commercial bank deposit, linking retail e-Rupee wallets with standard UPI infrastructure allows merchants to accept digital rupee payments without setting up dedicated hardware or alternate QR codes.

The central bank is also advancing pilots for programmable CBDC tokens. Programmability enables government agencies or corporates to disburse targeted subsidies (such as fertilizer subsidies or education grants) that can only be spent at specified merchant categories or for specific goods, minimizing the diversion of funds. Offline CBDC solutions using Near-Field Communication (NFC) are also undergoing testing in remote regions with low cellular connectivity.

Exam Relevance: Directly relevant for UPSC GS Paper 3 (Monetary Policy, Digital Economy, Banking Reforms) and indispensable for IBPS PO, SBI PO, and RBI Grade B economic analysis.

Key Facts for Aspirants:

• CBDC Definition: A legal tender issued by a central bank in digital form, denominated in the national currency, appearing as a liability on the central bank’s balance sheet.
• Pilot Launches: RBI launched CBDC-Wholesale (e₹-W) in November 2022 and CBDC-Retail (e₹-R) in December 2022.
• Distinction from UPI: UPI is a payment rail or transfer mechanism between commercial bank accounts; CBDC is the digital currency itself, representing central bank money.
• Legal Backing: Enabled through amendments to the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934, passed via the Finance Bill, 2022.

4. Environment & Ecology: Conservation of Great Indian Bustard & Supreme Court Climate Jurisprudence

The conservation of the critically endangered Great Indian Bustard (Ardeotis nigriceps) remains in sharp legal focus following Supreme Court orders directing an expert technical committee to balance biodiversity conservation with India’s international renewable energy commitments. The core issue revolves around overhead high-tension electricity transmission lines running across Thar desert landscapes in Rajasthan and Gujarat, which are critical habitats for the ground-nesting bustard.

Because bustards suffer from poor frontal vision, collisions with high-voltage power lines have proven fatal, driving the bird to the brink of extinction. In its landmark jurisprudence, the Supreme Court of India recognized that citizens have a fundamental right against the adverse effects of climate change, traceable under Articles 14 (Equality) and 21 (Right to Life) of the Indian Constitution, while establishing that high-value ecological habitats must be safeguarded using bird diverters and underground cabling where technically feasible.

Exam Relevance: Critical for UPSC GS Paper 3 (Biodiversity Conservation, Endangered Species) and GS Paper 2 (Judicial Review, Fundamental Rights). Frequent question topic in UPSC Prelims Environment section.

Key Facts for Aspirants:

• IUCN Red List Status: Critically Endangered (CR).
• Wildlife Protection Act (WPA), 1972: Schedule I (highest degree of protection).
• CITES & CMS: Listed under Appendix I of CITES and Appendix I of the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species (CMS/Bonn Convention).
• Primary Habitat: Desert National Park (Rajasthan), Rollapadu Wildlife Sanctuary (Andhra Pradesh), and Kutch Bustard Sanctuary (Gujarat).
• State Bird: Official state bird of Rajasthan.

5. Science & Technology: ISRO’s Progress on Human-Rated LVM3 and Gaganyaan Mission

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has accomplished key static qualification tests for the liquid-propellant and cryogenic stages of the Human-Rated Launch Vehicle Mark 3 (HLVM3), paving the way for upcoming uncrewed developmental flights under the Gaganyaan programme. The HLVM3 features an enhanced Crew Escape System (CES) designed to safely pull the Crew Module away from the launch vehicle in the event of an anomaly on the launchpad or during ascent.

Gaganyaan intends to demonstrate India’s indigenous capability to send a crew of astronauts into a Low Earth Orbit (LEO) of approximately 400 kilometres for a nominal three-day mission and bring them safely back to Earth, landing in Indian sea waters. The uncrewed test missions carry “Vyommitra,” an indigenously developed female-attired humanoid robot designed to monitor environmental parameters, control life-support modules, and mimic human biological functions inside the capsule.

Exam Relevance: Core topic for UPSC GS Paper 3 (Achievements of Indians in Science & Technology, Space Exploration) and General Science sections of SSC/Railway exams.

Key Facts for Aspirants:

• Launch Vehicle: HLVM3 (Human-Rated LVM3 / formerly GSLV Mk III), consisting of two S200 solid strap-ons, an L110 core liquid stage, and a C25 cryogenic upper stage.
• Orbit Target: Low Earth Orbit at an altitude of approximately 400 km.
• Humanoid Test Unit: Vyommitra (“friend in the sky”), equipped to assess cabin pressure, oxygen depletion, and posture dynamics.
• Astronaut Selection: Astronaut-designates trained at the Yuri Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center (Russia) and ISRO’s Astronaut Training Facility in Bengaluru.

6. Government Schemes: Guidelines for Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana – Urban 2.0 (PMAY-U 2.0)

The Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA) is rolling out detailed implementation guidelines for the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana – Urban 2.0 (PMAY-U 2.0). The expanded scheme aims to provide financial assistance to 1 crore urban poor and middle-class families over a five-year period to build, purchase, or rent affordable, climate-resilient homes in recognized statutory towns and planning areas.

PMAY-U 2.0 introduces four specific implementation verticals: Beneficiary-Led Construction (BLC), Affordable Housing in Partnership (AHP), Affordable Rental Housing Complexes (ARHC), and an Interest Subsidy Scheme (ISS). The ISS vertical is targeted specifically at Economically Weaker Sections (EWS), Low Income Groups (LIG), and Middle Income Groups (MIG), providing an upfront interest subsidy credited directly to home loan accounts through a Central Nodal Agency (CNA) mechanism.

Exam Relevance: High value for UPSC GS Paper 2 (Welfare Schemes for Vulnerable Sections), GS Paper 3 (Urbanization, Housing Infrastructure), and Banking/SSC exams testing budgetary allocations and scheme parameters.

Key Facts for Aspirants:

• Nodal Ministry: Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA).
• Target Group: EWS (annual household income up to ₹3 lakh), LIG (income between ₹3 lakh and ₹6 lakh), and MIG (income between ₹6 lakh and ₹9 lakh).
• ARHC Vertical: Specifically targets migrant workers, industrial labourers, and urban informal workers who require rental housing near workspaces.
• Mandatory Ownership Norm: Houses constructed or purchased under the scheme must include female ownership or co-ownership to promote women’s empowerment.

7. Economy & Industry: Scaling the India Semiconductor Mission (ISM) Ecosystem

The India Semiconductor Mission (ISM), functioning as a dedicated business unit under the Digital India Corporation, has expanded its appraisal pipeline to include specialized design-linked incentives (DLI) for domestic microchip design startups. While initial phases emphasized the approval of mega fabrication facilities (fabs) and Assembly, Testing, Marking, and Packaging (ATMP) or Outsourced Semiconductor Assembly and Test (OSAT) units, the focus has shifted toward building an indigenous intellectual property (IP) pipeline.

Developing silicon and compound semiconductor capabilities (such as Gallium Nitride and Silicon Carbide) is strategically vital for India to de-risk its supply chains from geopolitical bottlenecks in East Asia. Semiconductor chips are essential inputs for automotive electronics, 5G/6G telecommunication base stations, power grids, and defence avionics. The government covers up to 50% of the project cost on an equal pari-passu basis for approved fabrication and packaging plants.

Exam Relevance: Relevant for UPSC GS Paper 3 (Industrial Policy, Technology, Electronics Manufacturing) and economic sections of State PCS/Bank examinations.

Key Facts for Aspirants:

• Financial Outlay: ₹76,000 crore comprehensive programme for the development of the semiconductor and display manufacturing ecosystem.
• Nodal Body: India Semiconductor Mission (ISM) under the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY).
• Sub-Schemes: Semiconductor Fabs Scheme, Display Fabs Scheme, Compound Semiconductors/ATMP/OSAT Scheme, and Design Linked Incentive (DLI) Scheme.
• Key Hubs: Major approved semiconductor clusters are developing in Dholera and Sanand (Gujarat) and Morigaon (Assam).

8. Environment & Energy: SIGHT Programme and the National Green Hydrogen Mission

The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) has conducted review sessions assessing the progress of the Strategic Interventions for Green Hydrogen Transition (SIGHT) programme. As the central financial incentive mechanism of the National Green Hydrogen Mission, SIGHT provides dual production-linked incentives: Component I focuses on domestic manufacturing of high-efficiency electrolysers, while Component II subsidizes the actual production of green hydrogen.

India is seeking to leverage its ultra-low-cost solar generation capacity to produce Green Hydrogen at cost-parity with fossil-fuel-derived Grey Hydrogen (produced from natural gas via Steam Methane Reforming). The mission aims to decarbonize hard-to-abate sectors, particularly petroleum refining, ammonia-based chemical fertilizers, and integrated steel manufacturing, while establishing India as a prominent exporter of green ammonia to the European Union and Japan.

Exam Relevance: Direct fit for UPSC GS Paper 3 (Renewable Energy, Climate Change Mitigation, Sustainable Development) and Railway/SSC general awareness papers.

Key Facts for Aspirants:

• Mission Target: At least 5 Million Metric Tonnes (MMT) of green hydrogen production per annum by 2030.
• Renewable Capacity Addition: Requires associated renewable energy capacity addition of about 125 GW by 2030.
• Green Hydrogen Definition: Hydrogen produced through electrolysis of water powered entirely by renewable electricity.
• Nodal Ministry: Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE).

9. Defence & Security: Development of Project Kusha (Indigenous Long-Range SAM)

The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) has made critical progress in the developmental trials of ‘Project Kusha’, India’s indigenous Long-Range Surface-to-Air Missile (LR-SAM) air defence system. Designed to provide a multi-layered air defence umbrella, Project Kusha will complement the existing Russian-origin S-400 Triumf squadrons, the Medium-Range Surface-to-Air Missile (MR-SAM/Barak-8), and the indigenous Akash systems.

The system is engineered to engage stealth fighter aircraft, ballistic and cruise missiles, precision-guided munitions, and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) at interception ranges extending up to 350 kilometres. It features long-range surveillance and fire-control radars capable of tracking hundreds of targets simultaneously under dense electronic countermeasure (ECM) conditions, providing reliable point and area defence for strategic and military installations.

Exam Relevance: Important for UPSC GS Paper 3 (Security Challenges, Indigenisation of Technology, Defence Modernisation) and CDS/NDA/CAPF examinations.

Key Facts for Aspirants:

• Executing Agency: Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) in partnership with domestic public and private sector defence firms.
• Maximum Interception Range: Designed to engage hostile aerial threats up to 350 km.
• Air Defence Matrix: Fits into India’s integrated air defence architecture alongside S-400, MR-SAM, Akash, and VSHORADS (Very Short-Range Air Defence).
• Strategic Advantage: Enhances indigenous deterrence capabilities against aerial standoff platforms along northern and western borders.

10. Sports & Governance: National Sports Governance Bill and WADA Compliance

The Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports has concluded stakeholder consultations on the draft National Sports Governance Bill, intended to replace the non-statutory National Sports Development Code of 2011 with an enforceable legislative act. The draft legislation aims to establish institutional mechanisms to guarantee transparent administration, athlete welfare, gender representation, and financial accountability across the Indian Olympic Association (IOA) and National Sports Federations (NSFs).

A major focus of the reform is strict adherence to the World Anti-Doping Code managed by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA). The bill proposes the establishment of an independent Sports Regulatory Board and a specialized Sports Appellate Tribunal to expeditiously resolve electoral and selection disputes, preventing lengthy litigation in High Courts that often risks Olympic suspensions from the International Olympic Committee (IOC).

Exam Relevance: Covers UPSC GS Paper 2 (Statutory Regulatory Bodies, Sports Governance) and current affairs sections across SSC, Banking, and State civil services.

Key Facts for Aspirants:

• Prior Framework: National Sports Development Code of India, 2011 (administrative guidelines, not an Act of Parliament).
• Core Provisions: Mandatory age (70 years) and tenure limitations for NSF office-bearers; guaranteed representation for active athletes on governing councils.
• Anti-Doping Agency: National Anti-Doping Agency (NADA) operates under the statutory backing of the National Anti-Doping Act, 2022.
• WADA Headquarters: Montreal, Canada.

Quick Revision Points (One-Liners)

• PM GatiShakti: Spatial planning mapping has now extended beyond physical logistics to include public schools, PHCs, and anganwadis via BISAG-N.
• AITIGA Review: India and ASEAN are renegotiating Rules of Origin (ROO) and non-tariff barriers to rectify a widening bilateral trade deficit.
• CBDC / e-Rupee: RBI is actively testing programmable retail e-Rupee tokens and interoperability with existing UPI QR codes.
• Great Indian Bustard: Critically Endangered avian species protected under Schedule I of the WPA 1972; focal point of Supreme Court judgments on climate rights.
• Gaganyaan: ISRO’s human-rated launch vehicle (HLVM3) carries the humanoid robot “Vyommitra” to validate environmental life-support systems prior to crewed launch.
• PMAY-U 2.0: Encompasses four verticals—BLC, AHP, ARHC, and ISS—targeting 1 crore urban poor and middle-class households.
• India Semiconductor Mission: Operating under MeitY with a ₹76,000 crore outlay; focuses on Fabs, OSAT/ATMP units, and the Design Linked Incentive (DLI) scheme.
• SIGHT Programme: Financial subsidy mechanism under the National Green Hydrogen Mission targeting electrolyser manufacturing and domestic hydrogen production.
• Project Kusha: DRDO-led indigenous surface-to-air missile project designed to hit aerial targets at ranges up to 350 km.
• Sports Governance: Draft National Sports Governance Bill seeks to replace the 2011 Code with statutory oversight, tenure caps, and dispute resolution mechanisms.

Important for Which Exam? (Exam Mapping)

• UPSC Civil Services (IAS/IPS/IFS):
  • GS Paper 2: India-ASEAN Relations (Topic 2), PM GatiShakti Social Infrastructure (Topic 1), Sports Governance Reforms (Topic 10).
  • GS Paper 3: Central Bank Digital Currency (Topic 3), Great Indian Bustard & SC Climate Ruling (Topic 4), ISRO Gaganyaan Mission (Topic 5), Semiconductor Ecosystem (Topic 7), Green Hydrogen Mission (Topic 8), Project Kusha (Topic 9).
• SSC CGL / CHSL & Railways (RRB NTPC):
  • High probability questions from Topic 4 (IUCN status, Desert National Park), Topic 5 (Vyommitra, HLVM3), Topic 8 (Green Hydrogen targets), and Topic 9 (Project Kusha interception range).
• Banking & Insurance (RBI Grade B, SBI/IBPS PO, NABARD):
  • Topic 3 (CBDC vs UPI, programmable features, wholesale/retail rollout), Topic 6 (PMAY-U 2.0 Interest Subsidy Scheme income slabs), and Topic 7 (Semiconductor funding parameters).
• Defence Exams (CDS, NDA, AFCAT, CAPF):
  • Topic 9 (Project Kusha vs S-400 specs) and Topic 2 (UNCLOS and Indo-Pacific maritime security architecture).

Study Tip of the Day: When revising environment and science topics, always connect the static baseline (e.g., Article 21, IUCN categories, rocket propulsion stages) to the current current affairs headline. This holistic link ensures high marks in both Prelims eliminations and Mains answer writing. Keep studying smart, and see you tomorrow on TheHindu.Club!

Disclaimer: This content is curated for educational purposes for
competitive exam aspirants. Some links on this page are affiliate links — if you
purchase through them, we may earn a small commission at no extra cost to you.
This helps us keep providing free content. For our full disclaimer, visit our
Disclaimer Page.

Dear Aspirants, welcome to today’s edition of the Daily Current Affairs analysis from TheHindu.Club. Staying consistent with your daily news reading is the single most decisive factor in clearing civil services, banking, staff selection, and railway examinations. Let us dive into the critical developments shaping our nation and the world today.

1. Supreme Court Directives on the Conservation of the Great Indian Bustard and Fundamental Rights

The conservation status of the critically endangered Great Indian Bustard (Ardeotis nigriceps) has once again taken center stage. The Supreme Court of India has emphasized a nuanced balance between expanding solar power infrastructure in Rajasthan and Gujarat and protecting the natural habitat of this avian species. Crucially, the apex court observed that citizens have a recognized right to be free from the adverse effects of climate change, emerging from the fundamental rights to life (Article 21) and equality (Article 14).

The high-voltage overhead power lines across the Thar Desert and Kutch regions represent the leading cause of mortality for these heavy-flying birds due to collision hazards. A specialized expert committee appointed by the court has evaluated the technical feasibility of underground cabling, restricting mandatory undergrounding exclusively to core priority habitats while allowing bird diverters and elevated transmission lines in wider operational zones to safeguard national green energy targets.

Exam Relevance: UPSC GS Paper-II (Fundamental Rights, Judicial Pronouncements), GS Paper-III (Biodiversity, Renewable Energy Infrastructure), and state PSC environment modules.

Key Facts to Remember:

• IUCN Status: Critically Endangered; listed under CITES Appendix I and CMS Appendix I.
• Wildlife Protection Act, 1972: Schedule I species (highest legal protection in India).
• State Bird: Rajasthan (locally known as Godawan).
• Core Habitats: Desert National Park (Rajasthan), Kutch Desert Wildlife Sanctuary (Gujarat), and isolated patches in Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh.

2. RBI Steps Up Offline Functionality for Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC)

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has accelerated efforts to integrate complete offline capability and programmability into both the retail (e₹-R) and wholesale (e₹-W) Central Bank Digital Currency pilots. Recognizing digital connectivity limitations across rural and remote regions, the central bank is deploying Near Field Communication (NFC) protocols and token-based cryptographic handshakes that allow offline peer-to-peer (P2P) and peer-to-merchant (P2M) transactions without live internet access.

Programmable features of the digital rupee enable government agencies and corporations to deliver targeted subsidies, such as agricultural input credits, educational grants, or corporate travel allowances, ensuring funds are redeemed only for their specified purpose. This structural leap reduces transaction friction, diminishes physical cash-printing costs, and expands financial inclusion across tier-3 to tier-6 districts.

Exam Relevance: Banking Exams (RBI Grade B, SBI PO Economic Awareness), UPSC GS Paper-III (Monetary Policy, Indian Economy), and SSC CGL General Awareness.

Key Facts to Remember:

• Legal Framework: Amended under Section 22 of the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934.
• Nature: Legal tender issued by the central bank in digital form; it is a direct sovereign liability, distinct from private cryptocurrencies.
• Variants: e₹-W (interbank wholesale settlements) and e₹-R (general retail use by consumers and merchants).

3. International Solar Alliance (ISA): Accelerating Financing in the Global South

The International Solar Alliance (ISA) has renewed its institutional push to address capital disparities in clean energy adoption across the Global South. While global renewable energy investments have risen significantly, sub-Saharan Africa and small island developing states (SIDS) receive less than three percent of international solar financing. In response, the ISA’s Global Solar Facility (GSF) is operationalizing localized risk-mitigation guarantees and concessional lines of credit to derisk private investments in low-income nations.

India continues to play a catalytic role in technology transfer and micro-grid architecture, promoting off-grid decentralized solar pumps, rooftop installations, and community micro-grids. These initiatives assist developing economies in decoupling their industrial expansion from fossil-fuel dependence, directly advancing the goals of the Paris Climate Accord and SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy).

Exam Relevance: UPSC GS Paper-II (Bilateral & Multilateral groupings involving India), GS Paper-III (Clean Energy Transitions), and SSC/State PSC exams.

Key Facts to Remember:

• Establishment: Launched jointly by India and France in 2015 during COP21 in Paris.
• Headquarters: National Institute of Solar Energy (NISE) campus in Gurugram, Haryana.
• Flagship Initiative: “One Sun One World One Grid” (OSOWOG) for cross-border solar power grid interconnection.

4. Integration of Armed Forces: Progress on Inter-Services Theatrisation

The Ministry of Defence and the Department of Military Affairs are steadily advancing the creation of integrated Joint Theatre Commands. Moving past legacy single-service paradigms, the modernization blueprint seeks to merge the 17 individual single-service commands (seven each of Army and Air Force, three of Navy) into unified geographical operational theatres alongside dedicated functional commands for logistics and air defence.

The Inter-Services Organisations (Command, Control and Discipline) Act provides the legal foundation empowering Theatre Commanders to exercise operational, administrative, and disciplinary authority over personnel from all three branches operating within their jurisdiction. This restructuring improves interoperability, optimizes capital procurement, and builds responsive joint deterrence along continental and maritime borders.

Exam Relevance: UPSC GS Paper-III (Security Challenges, Defence Modernization, Internal Security) and CDS/NDA/CAPF examinations.

Key Facts to Remember:

• Architect of Reform: Office of the Chief of Defence Staff (CDS), created based on Kargil Review Committee and Shekatkar Committee recommendations.
• Planned Theatres: Western Theatre Command (Pakistan frontier), Northern/Eastern Theatre Command (China frontier), and a Maritime Theatre Command (Indian Ocean Region).
• Pre-existing Unified Commands: Andaman & Nicobar Command (operational joint command) and Strategic Forces Command (nuclear assets control).

5. ISRO Gaganyaan Mission: Advanced Simulation and Crew Escape System Validations

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is advancing the validation schedule for the Gaganyaan human spaceflight programme. Following structural simulations and atmospheric drop tests, preparations are focused on uncrewed orbital demonstration flights carrying the humanoid robot “Vyommitra.” These orbital tests are designed to evaluate life support environmental controls, thermal protection tiles during atmospheric re-entry, and precision parachute recovery systems in the Bay of Bengal.

The mission architecture relies on the human-rated Launch Vehicle Mark 3 (LVM3-G). Achieving crew-rated certification requires extraordinary levels of fault tolerance and redundancy, particularly within the Crew Escape System (CES), which must autonomously extract the crew module to safety across various dynamic pressures during ascent.

Exam Relevance: UPSC GS Paper-III (Achievements of Indians in Science & Technology, Indigenization), SSC CGL, RRB NTPC, and State Public Service Commissions.

Key Facts to Remember:

• Target Altitude: Circular low Earth orbit (LEO) of approximately 400 km for a multi-day mission.
• Humanoid: “Vyommitra,” a half-humanoid developed by ISRO, equipped to monitor microgravity parameters, life-support readings, and execute switchboard commands.
• Global Context: Successful crewed flight will make India the fourth nation to launch independent human spaceflight, after the USSR/Russia, the United States, and China.

6. PM-PRANAM Scheme: Phased Reduction in Chemical Fertilizer Subsidies

The central government is reporting measurable progress in incentivizing states to rationalize chemical fertilizer applications under the PM-PRANAM (Programme for Restoration, Awareness, Nourishment and Amelioration of Mother Earth) initiative. The scheme avoids creating a separate budgetary head; instead, it finances state-led soil health interventions directly from fiscal savings generated by curtailing chemical fertilizer subsidies (Urea, DAP, and NPK complex).

Fifty percent of the subsidy savings achieved by an individual state is transferred back to that state government as a performance grant. States are utilizing these funds to support organic fertilizer production facilities, deploy bio-stimulants, and establish village-level custom hiring centers for mechanized organic farming equipment. This policy directly addresses distorted soil N-P-K ratios, prevents groundwater toxicity, and mitigates overall agricultural input inflation.

Exam Relevance: UPSC GS Paper-II (Government Policies), GS Paper-III (Agriculture, Subsidies, Soil Management), Banking (NABARD, IBPS AFO).

Key Facts to Remember:

• Funding Mechanism: Financed entirely from savings generated in the Department of Fertilizers’ existing subsidy outlay.
• Allocation Rule: 70% of transferred state savings must go toward asset creation and technological adaptation; 30% can reward farmers, panchayats, and Self-Help Groups (SHGs).
• Complements: Market Development Assistance (MDA) for promoting fermented organic manure (FOM) generated from SATAT biogas plants.

7. Himalayan GLOF Monitoring and Early Warning Systems

In the wake of heightened glacial retreat recorded across the Hindu Kush-Himalayan belt, the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) and the Department of Science and Technology (DST) have prioritized real-time monitoring of high-risk glacial lakes. Glacial Lake Outburst Floods (GLOFs)—such as those witnessed in Sikkim’s South Lhonak Lake and Uttarakhand—occur when unstable moraine dams breach abruptly under hydrostatic pressure or heavy precipitation.

The ongoing intervention combines synthetic aperture radar (SAR) satellite telemetry with automated water-level sensor nodes installed directly on high-altitude lake shores. These automated telemetry stations transmit water elevation and discharge anomalies via Indian satellite transponders to downstream dam management authorities and district emergency control rooms, establishing actionable lead times for community evacuation.

Exam Relevance: UPSC GS Paper-I (Geomorphology, Cryosphere hazards), GS Paper-III (Disaster Management, Climate Adaptation), SSC exams.

Key Facts to Remember:

• Moraine Dam: Naturally accumulated piles of glacial till, rock fragments, and ice that hold back meltwater; inherently fragile and prone to sudden failure.
• Monitoring Agency: Central Water Commission (CWC) alongside the National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC/ISRO) and NDMA.
• Primary Mitigation Methods: Controlled siphoning using high-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipes, structural excavation of discharge channels, and acoustic early warning stations.

8. National Mission on Edible Oils – Oil Palm (NMEO-OP): Progress in the North-East

India’s heavy dependence on imported crude palm oil from Indonesia and Malaysia continues to drive the implementation of the National Mission on Edible Oils – Oil Palm (NMEO-OP). With domestic consumption heavily outstripping production, the mission focuses on cultivating oil palm over significant land tracts across the eight North-Eastern states and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, where agro-climatic conditions mimic equatorial palm belts.

To shield domestic cultivators against international price volatility, the mission includes a viability price mechanism: if market rates fall below targeted production costs, the government compensates farmers directly through Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT). Environmental researchers, however, continue to evaluate the balance between oil palm mono-plantations and the conservation of rich biodiversity corridors in Northeast India.

Exam Relevance: UPSC GS Paper-III (Agriculture self-reliance, import substitution, ecological concerns), State PSCs, and Banking Agriculture exams.

Key Facts to Remember:

• Import Dependence: India imports over 55-60% of its edible oil requirements, with palm oil constituting the largest share.
• Target Zone: North-Eastern region accounts for over 50% of the newly earmarked expansion acreage under the mission.
• Pricing Guarantee: Viability Price (VP) linked to the formula-driven historical price of Fresh Fruit Bunches (FFBs), guarding farmers against global market crashes.

9. Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework: 30×30 Target Implementation

Multilateral working groups under the UN Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) are auditing national biodiversity action plans to verify alignment with the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF). The central commitment of this framework is Target 3, informally termed the “30×30” initiative—mandating that at least 30 percent of terrestrial, inland water, and coastal/marine areas be effectively conserved by the year 2030.

India is leveraging its expansive protected area network, which includes National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries, Community Reserves, and declared Other Effective Area-based Conservation Measures (OECMs). The framework emphasizes recognizing indigenous and local communities as stewards of biodiversity, requiring Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC) before demarcating critical conservation enclaves.

Exam Relevance: UPSC GS Paper-III (Environmental Conventions, International Treaties, Biodiversity Conservation), State Civil Services.

Key Facts to Remember:

• Adopted At: CBD COP15 held under the presidency of China and hosted in Montreal, Canada.
• Key Targets: Target 3 (30% protection by 2030), Target 7 (reducing pesticide and hazardous chemical risk by half), and Target 19 (mobilizing $200 billion annually in biodiversity financing).
• India’s Tool: Biological Diversity (Amendment) Act and the register of OECMs coordinated by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change.

10. Digital Competition Bill: Scrutiny of Ex-Ante Regulations for Big Tech

The Ministry of Corporate Affairs and the Competition Commission of India (CCI) continue stakeholder deliberations on the draft Digital Competition Bill. Modeled partly after the European Union’s Digital Markets Act (DMA), the proposed legislation introduces an “ex-ante” regulatory framework. Rather than prosecuting anti-competitive abuses after market harm occurs (“ex-post”), the bill establishes clear operational boundaries in advance for dominant platforms.

Platforms meeting specific global turnover, user-base, and market capitalization thresholds will be designated as Systemically Significant Digital Enterprises (SSDEs). SSDEs will face strict statutory prohibitions against self-preferencing their own ancillary services, deep discounting, restricting third-party app stores, and combining consumer data across disparate platform silos without unambiguous user consent.

Exam Relevance: UPSC GS Paper-II (Regulatory Bodies, Government Policies), GS Paper-III (Digital Economy, Monopolies, Tech Regulation), Corporate/Law entrance and RBI Grade B.

Key Facts to Remember:

• Regulator: Competition Commission of India (CCI), established under the Competition Act, 2002.
• Core Shift: Transition from reactive ex-post adjudication to proactive ex-ante market obligations for large tech intermediaries.
• Key Concept: Systemically Significant Digital Enterprises (SSDEs) and Associate Digital Enterprises (ADEs).

11. Modernization of Sports Infrastructure: National Sports Governance and TOPS Expansion

The Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports is scaling up financial outlays and structural governance reforms under the Target Olympic Podium Scheme (TOPS) and the Khelo India national programme. As part of preparations for international multi-sport competitions, the government is expanding sports science facilities, biomechanics analytics, and specialized recovery centers across regional High-Performance Centres.

The policy focuses on bringing transparency to the functioning of National Sports Federations (NSFs) through the proposed National Sports Governance framework. By linking government financial grants, team selections, and international travel clearances to internal compliance with the National Sports Development Code—such as age/tenure caps and the presence of athlete representation—the reform aims to institutionalize meritocracy in grassroots talent discovery.

Exam Relevance: SSC CGL, Railways, State PSCs, UPSC GS Paper-II (Institutions, Regulatory Schemes for human development).

Key Facts to Remember:

• Scheme Architecture: TOPS was instituted in 2014 under the aegis of the National Sports Development Fund (NSDF).
• Tiered Structure: TOPS Core Group (podium contenders for immediate cycles) and TOPS Development Group (future talent identification).
• Governing Standard: National Sports Development Code of India, ensuring democratic administration in sports federations.

Quick Revision Points (One-Liners for Fast Recall)

• Supreme Court on Climate Rights: Interpreted the right against adverse climate change effects as integral to Articles 21 (Life) and 14 (Equality).
• Great Indian Bustard: Critically endangered grassland bird; core populations concentrated in Desert National Park, Rajasthan.
• Offline CBDC: RBI utilizing Near Field Communication (NFC) and cryptographic tokens to facilitate offline e₹ transactions without internet access.
• ISA Global Solar Facility: Designed to provide financial guarantees and stimulate clean energy flow into Africa and Small Island Nations.
• Theatrisation: Inter-Services Organisations Act empowers Joint Theatre Commanders with disciplinary and operational control across Army, Navy, and Air Force assets.
• Vyommitra: ISRO’s indigenous half-humanoid robot engineered for Gaganyaan uncrewed orbital test flights.
• PM-PRANAM: Scheme that incentivizes states with 50% grants derived from their savings on chemical fertilizer subsidies.
• GLOF Management: High-risk glacial lakes monitored by SAR satellites and automated lake-level sensors to prevent sudden moraine-breach flooding.
• NMEO-OP: Mission to cut edible oil import dependency by promoting oil palm cultivation across North-East India with a Viability Price guarantee.
• Ex-Ante Regulation: Pre-emptive regulatory framework under the draft Digital Competition Bill governing Systemically Significant Digital Enterprises (SSDEs).
• TOPS Scheme: National initiative providing customized coaching, financial stipends, and sports science support to elite athletes via the NSDF.

Important for Which Exam? (Subject & Paper Mapping)

• UPSC Civil Services Examination:
  • GS Paper I: GLOF Hazards in Himalayan Cryosphere, Geomorphology.
  • GS Paper II: SC Judgments on Article 21, Digital Competition Bill, ISA Multilateral Platform, National Sports Governance.
  • GS Paper III: CBDC Offline Framework, Theatre Commands, Gaganyaan Mission, PM-PRANAM, NMEO-OP, GIB Conservation, Kunming-Montreal 30×30 Target.
• Banking Examinations (IBPS PO, SBI PO, RBI Grade B):
  • CBDC offline pilots, Digital Competition Bill (SSDE definitions), ISA headquarters and initiatives, PM-PRANAM fertilizer subsidy economics.
• SSC & Railway Examinations (CGL, CHSL, RRB NTPC):
  • Gaganyaan & Vyommitra specifications, Headquarters of ISA (Gurugram), IUCN Status of Great Indian Bustard, TOPS full form & purpose.
• Defence Examinations (CDS, NDA, CAPF):
  • Theatre Command structures, Inter-Services Organisation Act, Northern and Western theatre operational jurisdictions.

Dear Aspirants, revise these core concepts thoroughly, map them to your static syllabus notes, and keep testing yourself with active recall. Stay disciplined and focused on your goals!

Disclaimer: This content is curated for educational purposes for
competitive exam aspirants. Some links on this page are affiliate links — if you
purchase through them, we may earn a small commission at no extra cost to you.
This helps us keep providing free content. For our full disclaimer, visit our
Disclaimer Page.

Dear Aspirants, welcome to today’s edition of Daily Current Affairs Analysis by TheHindu.Club. Consistent daily revision is the cornerstone of cracking competitive examinations such as UPSC Civil Services, State PSCs, SSC CGL, Banking, and Railways. Let us dive into the most critical national and international developments relevant to your syllabus.

1. Strategic Interventions for Green Hydrogen Transition (SIGHT) Programme

The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) continues to accelerate implementation under the National Green Hydrogen Mission (NGHM) through targeted allocations within the Strategic Interventions for Green Hydrogen Transition (SIGHT) programme. The initiative provides financial incentive mechanisms aimed at indigenous manufacturing of electrolysers and the cost-effective domestic production of green hydrogen. By offering production-linked financial incentives, the government aims to position India as a premier exporter and manufacturing hub in the emerging clean energy supply chain.

Green hydrogen, derived from the electrolysis of water utilizing renewable electricity sources, is critical for decarbonizing hard-to-abate sectors such as steel manufacturing, chemical fertilizer production, and heavy freight transportation. The implementation framework leverages competitive bidding to ensure price efficiency, aiming to reduce production costs toward parity with fossil fuel-derived grey hydrogen. The scheme aligns directly with India’s long-term Panchamrit climate commitments announced at COP26, particularly achieving net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2070.

Exam Relevance: Relevant for UPSC GS Paper III (Economy, Infrastructure, Energy, Environment), State PSC Mains, and objective sections of Banking and SSC exams regarding nodal ministries, targets, and budgetary mechanisms.

Key Facts to Remember:

• Nodal Ministry: Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE).
• Target by 2030: Production capacity of at least 5 Million Metric Tonnes (MMT) of green hydrogen per annum.
• Core Components of SIGHT: Component I (Electrolyser Manufacturing incentives) and Component II (Green Hydrogen Production incentives).
• Carbon Abatement: Expected abatement of nearly 50 MMT of annual greenhouse gas emissions by 2030.

2. India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor (IMEC) and Geo-economic Connectivity

The India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor (IMEC), conceived on the sidelines of the G20 New Delhi Summit, remains a focal point of international infrastructure diplomacy. Comprising two distinct corridors—the Eastern corridor linking India to the Arabian Gulf and the Northern corridor connecting the Gulf to Europe—the project seeks to integrate railway networks, maritime routes, clean hydrogen export pipelines, and high-speed digital telecommunication cables across participating nations.

From an international relations standpoint, IMEC serves as a multilateral counterweight to monopolistic global connectivity designs, emphasizing transparent financing, sovereign debt sustainability, and adherence to environmental benchmarks. By reducing maritime transit times between Mumbai and European ports by an estimated 40 percent, IMEC enhances trade logistics while securing energy and digital supply chains between South Asia, West Asia, and the European Union.

Exam Relevance: UPSC GS Paper II (Bilateral, regional groupings and agreements involving India), International Institutions; State PSC (General Studies: International Relations).

Key Facts to Remember:

• Signatory Entities: India, USA, UAE, Saudi Arabia, European Union, France, Germany, and Italy.
• Two Corridors: East Corridor (India to Arabian Gulf) and Northern Corridor (Arabian Gulf to Europe).
• Integration Pillars: Rail-ship freight connectivity, clean electricity/hydrogen grids, and submarine digital cables.
• Strategic Significance: Promotes trade facilitation and debt-sustainable alternative infrastructure under the Partnership for Global Infrastructure and Investment (PGII).

3. Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) and the Flexible Inflation Targeting Framework

The Reserve Bank of India’s (RBI) Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) operates within the statutory Flexible Inflation Targeting Framework (FITF), maintaining a delicate equilibrium between controlling headline inflation and supporting durable economic growth. The primary gauge for policy decision-making remains the Consumer Price Index (CPI) combined, with food price volatility often serving as a primary driver of supply-side inflation pressures.

Under Section 45ZB of the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934, the MPC comprises six members: three internal officials from the central bank, including the Governor as ex-officio chairperson, and three external experts appointed by the Central Government. The institutional mandate requires preserving macroeconomic stability through standard liquidity adjustment tools, such as the Policy Repo Rate, Standing Deposit Facility (SDF), and Marginal Standing Facility (MSF).

Exam Relevance: UPSC GS Paper III (Indian Economy, Monetary Policy); Banking Exams (IBPS PO, SBI PO, RBI Grade B – General Awareness & ESI); SSC CGL (Economics).

Key Facts to Remember:

• Statutory Basis: Constituted under Section 45ZB of the RBI Act, 1934 (amended via Finance Act, 2016).
• Inflation Target: 4 percent CPI inflation, with a tolerance band of +/- 2 percent (i.e., 2 percent to 6 percent).
• Composition: 6 members (3 from RBI, 3 nominated by the Central Government); Governor possesses a casting vote in the event of a tie.
• Quorum: Minimum of 4 members required for an MPC meeting.

4. ISRO’s Gaganyaan Mission Preparations and Deep-Space Capabilities

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is advancing the validation phases of its flagship human spaceflight mission, Gaganyaan. Precursor uncrewed developmental flights integrate the half-humanoid robot ‘Vyommitra’ to monitor life support system performance, cabin environmental parameters, microgravity impacts, and crew module integrity under simulated spaceflight stresses.

The mission architecture relies on the Launch Vehicle Mark-3 (LVM3), heavily re-engineered into a human-rated launch vehicle (HLVM3). The primary mission profile entails injecting a 2-to-3-member crew into a Low Earth Orbit (LEO) at an altitude of approximately 400 kilometres for a mission duration of three days, followed by a controlled de-orbit, safe atmospheric re-entry, and precision splashdown recovery in designated Indian coastal waters.

Exam Relevance: UPSC GS Paper III (Science & Technology: Space exploration, indigenisation of technology); SSC/Railways exams (General Science and Tech facts).

Key Facts to Remember:

• Launch Vehicle: Human-Rated LVM3 (HLVM3).
• Target Orbit: 400 km circular Low Earth Orbit (LEO).
• Robotic Precursor: ‘Vyommitra’ (female humanoid equipped to monitor life support metrics).
• Nodal Facility: Human Space Flight Centre (HSFC), Bengaluru.

5. Implementation of Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (KMGBF)

India’s updated National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP) aligns domestic conservation roadmaps with the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (KMGBF), which was adopted under the UN Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). The framework establishes 23 action-oriented global targets to be achieved by 2030, most notably the ’30×30 target’ which mandates conserving at least 30 percent of the planet’s terrestrial, inland water, and coastal areas.

Domestically, India operationalizes these conservation goals via the Biological Diversity Act, 2002, supported by a decentralised three-tier system: the National Biodiversity Authority (NBA), State Biodiversity Boards (SBBs), and local-level Biodiversity Management Committees (BMCs). Emphasizing People’s Biodiversity Registers (PBRs), the framework protects traditional ecological knowledge while instituting fair and equitable benefit sharing arising from genetic resource utilization.

Exam Relevance: UPSC GS Paper III (Environment, Biodiversity, Climate Change); State PSCs (Ecology sections).

Key Facts to Remember:

• Core Target: 30×30 Target—protecting 30% of degraded land and marine ecosystems by 2030.
• Institutional Hierarchy: National Biodiversity Authority (Chennai) -> State Biodiversity Boards -> Biodiversity Management Committees.
• Key Mechanism: Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) protocols under the Nagoya Protocol framework.
• Statutory Legislation: Biological Diversity Act, 2002 (and subsequent amendments).

6. PM Mega Integrated Textile Regions and Apparel (PM MITRA) Parks Scheme

The Ministry of Textiles is actively coordinating the development of seven PM Mega Integrated Textile Regions and Apparel (PM MITRA) Parks across chosen state destinations. The initiative provides plug-and-play world-class industrial infrastructure, drastically lowering logistics overheads and revitalizing end-to-end manufacturing from spinning and weaving to garmenting and export logistics under a unified ecosystem.

PM MITRA incorporates the Prime Minister’s 5F vision: Farm to Fibre, Fibre to Factory, Factory to Fashion, and Fashion to Foreign. Established via Special Purpose Vehicles (SPVs) under Public-Private Partnerships (PPP), these integrated complexes are engineered to attract significant Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), scale up exports, and generate massive formal employment opportunities, particularly for women workers.

Exam Relevance: UPSC GS Paper II (Government Schemes) & GS Paper III (Industrial Growth, Employment); SSC/Banking (General Awareness – Scheme Outlays & Approvals).

Key Facts to Remember:

• Vision: 5F Formula (Farm to Fibre, Fibre to Factory, Factory to Fashion, Fashion to Foreign).
• Approved Parks: Seven parks approved in Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Gujarat, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, and Maharashtra.
• Execution Model: Public-Private Partnership (PPP) led by a Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) owned jointly by Central and State Governments.
• Financial Support: Development Capital Support (DCS) and Competitive Incentive Support (CIS) per park.

7. Global Footprint of India’s Unified Payments Interface (UPI)

The cross-border expansion of the Unified Payments Interface (UPI), spearheaded by NPCI International Payments Limited (NIPL), is transforming international retail remittances and travel expenditures. By integrating with instant payment systems abroad—such as Singapore’s PayNow and the UAE’s AANI/Jaywan—India is operationalizing bilateral, low-cost, real-time fund transfers, eliminating traditional correspondent banking delays.

This integration of Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI) serves dual objectives: it streamlines the flow of inward worker remittances and reduces transactional forex expenses for Indian tourists and business travelers abroad. Furthermore, the interoperability establishes an alternative, robust settlement mechanism that supports the broader internationalisation of the Indian Rupee (INR).

Exam Relevance: UPSC GS Paper III (IT, Banking and Digital Infrastructure); Banking & Insurance Exams (Financial Awareness, Economy updates).

Key Facts to Remember:

• Implementing Entity: NPCI International Payments Limited (NIPL), a subsidiary of the National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI).
• Key Bilateral Linkages: PayNow (Singapore), UAE, Sri Lanka, Mauritius, Nepal, Bhutan, and select European merchant corridors.
• Underlying Platform: Open API-based Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI), part of the ‘India Stack’.
• Remittance Significance: Drastically lowers international transaction costs, adhering to G20 cross-border payment targets.

8. Indigenisation of Defence Equipment and Positive Indigenisation Lists

Under the framework of the Defence Acquisition Procedure (DAP) 2020, the Ministry of Defence continuously expands the Positive Indigenisation Lists (PILs). These lists enforce phased embargoes on the import of designated military platforms, high-caliber munitions, sensors, and electronic warfare suites, mandating that procurement for armed forces must be fulfilled exclusively by domestic defence public sector undertakings (DPSUs) and private manufacturers.

This structural policy shift has catalyzed the growth of domestic Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) and private defence aerospace firms. Supported by initiatives such as Innovations for Defence Excellence (iDEX) and the establishment of dedicated Defence Industrial Corridors (DICs) in Uttar Pradesh and Tamil Nadu, India is progressively pivoting from being one of the world’s largest defence importers toward a competitive exporter of military hardware.

Exam Relevance: UPSC GS Paper III (Internal Security, Indigenisation of Technology, Defence Economy); State PSCs (Security/Defence facts).

Key Facts to Remember:

• Governing Framework: Defence Acquisition Procedure (DAP) 2020.
• Nodal Incubator: Innovations for Defence Excellence (iDEX) managed by Defence Innovation Organisation (DIO).
• Defence Corridors: Two designated corridors located in Uttar Pradesh and Tamil Nadu.
• Export Goal: Target set by the Ministry of Defence to achieve ₹35,000 crore ($5 billion) in defence exports by 2025-2026.

9. India Semiconductor Mission (ISM) and Ecosystem Resilience

The India Semiconductor Mission (ISM), functioning under the Digital India Corporation, is supervising the rollout of massive commercial fabrication and testing facilities. The program provides up to 50 percent fiscal support on a pari-passu basis for setting up Silicon CMOS semiconductor fabs, display fabrication plants, and Assembly, Testing, Marking, and Packaging (ATMP) / Outsourced Semiconductor Assembly and Test (OSAT) units.

Securing a domestic semiconductor value chain is a foundational prerequisite for national tech sovereignty. Microchips are the bedrock of key industries, ranging from automotive sensors and electric vehicles to smartphones, 5G telecommunications infrastructure, and advanced defence systems. Reducing vulnerability to geopolitically volatile East Asian supply chains safeguards Indian industries from sudden disruptions.

Exam Relevance: UPSC GS Paper III (Science and Technology, Industrial Policy); SSC CGL & Railways (Major National Projects & Science Updates).

Key Facts to Remember:

• Nodal Authority: India Semiconductor Mission (ISM) under the Ministry of Electronics and IT (MeitY).
• Incentive Level: Up to 50% capital expenditure support on a pari-passu basis from the Central Government.
• Ecosystem Segments: Silicon Fabs, Compound Semiconductors, Display Fabs, Design-Linked Incentives (DLI), and ATMP/OSAT facilities.
• Anchor Hub: Dholera Special Investment Region (SIR) in Gujarat and Sanand emerging as primary industrial clusters.

10. Disaster Risk Reduction: Early Warnings for All (EW4All) & Sendai Framework

The National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) continues to enhance multi-hazard early warning networks in tandem with the United Nations ‘Early Warnings for All’ (EW4All) global initiative. Guided by the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (2015–2030), India has integrated Doppler Weather Radar (DWR) networks, Indian Tsunami Early Warning Centre (ITEWC) services, and the Common Alerting Protocol (CAP) via SMS broadcast systems across high-vulnerability hazard zones.

Priority 4 of the Sendai Framework emphasizes enhancing disaster preparedness for effective response and to “Build Back Better” in recovery, rehabilitation, and reconstruction. India’s implementation of end-to-end warning systems has effectively reduced human mortality during extreme meteorological occurrences, such as severe cyclonic storms in the Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea, setting a benchmark for the Global South.

Exam Relevance: UPSC GS Paper III (Disaster Management, Geography); State PSC Mains (Geographical Hazards & Policy Responses).

Key Facts to Remember:

• Global Mandates: Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (2015–2030) and UN EW4All Initiative.
• Nodal Domestic Body: National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), chaired ex-officio by the Prime Minister.
• Communication Architecture: Common Alerting Protocol (CAP) utilizing telecom and broadcast towers.
• Sendai Target G: Substantially increase the availability of and access to multi-hazard early warning systems and disaster risk information by 2030.

11. Strengthening Fair Play: National Anti-Doping Act and NADA Protocols

The National Anti-Doping Agency (NADA) has augmented testing protocols and educational outreach to align domestic athletic preparation with the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) Code. Operating under the statutory framework of the National Anti-Doping Act, 2022, NADA maintains an autonomous operational regime to conduct in-competition and out-of-competition testing, maintain therapeutic use exemption (TUE) reviews, and enforce disciplinary hearing mechanisms.

As India expands its elite sports training infrastructure under initiatives such as the Target Olympic Podium Scheme (TOPS) and bids to host major multi-sport global events, adherence to rigorous anti-doping integrity guidelines becomes critical. The institutional structure emphasizes clean athletic preparation and widespread anti-doping awareness through digital educational portals for grassroots sports academies.

Exam Relevance: UPSC GS Paper II (Statutory Bodies, Sports Governance); SSC CGL, Railways, Banking (Sports current affairs, statutory headquarters, regulatory bodies).

Key Facts to Remember:

• Statutory Legislation: National Anti-Doping Act, 2022.
• Apex Domestic Agency: National Anti-Doping Agency (NADA), based in New Delhi.
• Global Overseer: World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA), headquartered in Montreal, Canada.
• Support Initiative: Target Olympic Podium Scheme (TOPS) under the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports.

Quick Revision Points (One-Liners for Prelims & Objective Exams)

• SIGHT Programme: Production-linked incentive scheme under MNRE to boost domestic electrolyser manufacturing and green hydrogen output.
• IMEC Project: Multilateral maritime-rail infrastructure network linking India, the Arabian Gulf, and the European continent.
• Inflation Band: RBI MPC targets headline CPI inflation at 4% with an allowable variation between 2% and 6%.
• Vyommitra: Female half-humanoid robot developed by ISRO for monitoring cabin parameters in uncrewed Gaganyaan flights.
• 30×30 Target: KMGBF biodiversity commitment to conserve 30% of degraded terrestrial and marine zones globally by 2030.
• PM MITRA: Seven integrated mega-textile parks operating on a PPP Special Purpose Vehicle model across India.
• UPI Cross-Border: NPCI International Payments Limited (NIPL) links domestic instant payments with foreign networks like PayNow (Singapore).
• Defence PILs: Phased embargo lists on military imports issued under the Defence Acquisition Procedure (DAP) 2020.
• Semiconductor Subsidies: Central Government provides 50% fiscal capex support across Silicon Fabs and OSAT under ISM.
• Sendai Framework: 15-year voluntary agreement (2015-2030) guiding global disaster risk reduction and community resilience.
• NADA: Statutory agency established under the National Anti-Doping Act, 2022 to govern fair competition aligned with WADA.

Important for Which Exam? (Exam Mapping Table)

• UPSC CSE / State PSC Mains:
  • GS Paper II: IMEC Connectivity, NADA & Sports Governance, PM MITRA Welfare & Federal Execution.
  • GS Paper III: SIGHT (Green Hydrogen), RBI MPC Framework, Gaganyaan Mission, KMGBF Biodiversity, Semiconductor Mission, Positive Indigenisation Lists, Sendai Disaster Framework.
• Banking & Insurance Exams (IBPS PO, SBI PO, RBI Grade B):
  • RBI MPC Mandate, Inflation targeting figures, SIGHT project outlays, UPI-PayNow cross-border payment protocols, India Semiconductor Mission financial terms.
• SSC CGL, CHSL, and Railways (RRB NTPC):
  • Vyommitra & Gaganyaan specs, NADA headquarters & Act provisions, PM MITRA states, 30×30 ecological targets, IMEC terminal routes.

Keep revising consistently. Dedicate 30 minutes daily to converting these current affairs notes into your concise digital or handwritten revision sheets. Best of luck with your preparation!

Disclaimer: This content is curated for educational purposes for
competitive exam aspirants. Some links on this page are affiliate links — if you
purchase through them, we may earn a small commission at no extra cost to you.
This helps us keep providing free content. For our full disclaimer, visit our
Disclaimer Page.

Dear Aspirants,

Welcome to today’s edition of Daily Current Affairs Analysis by TheHindu.Club. Staying consistent with current affairs is the cornerstone of clearing competitive examinations like UPSC Civil Services, State PCS, SSC CGL, Banking, and Railways. Let us dive into the most relevant national and international developments shaping policy, economy, science, and governance today.

1. Unified Lending Interface (ULI): Revolutionizing Credit Delivery in India

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has accelerated the nationwide deployment of the Unified Lending Interface (ULI). Built on the foundational success of the Unified Payments Interface (UPI), ULI is designed to digitize and democratize access to formal credit across India. By facilitating seamless, consent-based digital data flow between lenders and data providers—such as state land records, PAN databases, satellite imagery, and milk-yield records—the platform dramatically cuts loan processing time from days to mere minutes.

This digital public infrastructure (DPI) primarily targets underserved segments, including smallholder farmers, micro-enterprises, and street vendors, who traditionally face credit appraisal bottlenecks due to lack of standard collateral documentation. The frictionless architecture allows cooperative and commercial banks alike to evaluate credit risk securely and transparently without excessive paperwork.

Exam Relevance: High utility for UPSC GS Paper III (Indian Economy, Digital Public Infrastructure), RBI Grade B, and Banking Mains exams. It represents the logical progression of the JAM Trinity and India Stack.

Key Facts to Remember:

• Conceptualized by: Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and Reserve Bank Innovation Hub (RBIH).
• Core Architecture: Frictionless, open API-based, consent-driven financial information sharing.
• Target Beneficiaries: Small and Marginal Farmers (SMFs), MSMEs, rural borrowers.
• Pillars of India Stack integrated: Aadhaar e-KYC, DigiLocker, Account Aggregator, and land registry portals.

2. India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor (IMEC): Strategic Realignment

Multilateral working groups have convened to advance technical standardization and infrastructure financing for the India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor (IMEC). Formally unveiled on the sidelines of the G20 New Delhi Leaders’ Summit, the project links ports and rail networks stretching from India’s western coast across the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Jordan, and Israel to European ports such as Piraeus in Greece.

Amid ongoing geopolitical volatility in West Asia, participating nations are focusing heavily on the eastern leg (connecting Mundra and JNPT with ports in the UAE) alongside complementary digital and energy corridors. IMEC is not merely a transport corridor; it includes undersea high-voltage electricity cables, clean hydrogen export pipelines, and high-speed data transmission links designed to secure supply-chain resilience between Asia and Europe.

Exam Relevance: Crucial for UPSC GS Paper II (Bilateral & Regional groupings, India’s Foreign Policy) and SSC/State PCS exams tracking global infrastructure initiatives counterbalancing the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI).

Key Facts to Remember:

• Signatory Partners: India, USA, UAE, Saudi Arabia, France, Germany, Italy, and the European Union.
• Key Components: Eastern Corridor (India to Arabian Gulf) and Northern Corridor (Arabian Gulf to Europe).
• Strategic Dimensions: Multi-modal rail-ship connectivity, green hydrogen transit, telecommunications data cables.

3. Small Modular Reactors (SMRs): Powering India’s Clean Energy Transition

The Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) and NITI Aayog have advanced roadmaps to promote Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) to complement India’s expanding renewable energy matrix. SMRs are advanced nuclear reactors that generate up to 300 MWe per unit, roughly one-third of the generating capacity of traditional commercial nuclear power reactors. Due to their modular construction, they can be fabricated in factories and transported to installation sites, drastically reducing construction timelines and upfront capital expenditure.

India aims to achieve net-zero carbon emissions by 2070, but deep decarbonization of energy-intensive industries such as steel, chemicals, and cement requires stable, round-the-clock baseload power that wind and solar alone cannot provide. SMRs offer a viable solution for replacing decommissioned coal-fired thermal power plants, utilizing existing transmission infrastructure and cooling networks while maintaining high passive safety profiles.

Exam Relevance: Highly relevant for UPSC GS Paper III (Science & Technology, Nuclear Energy, Climate Change mitigation) and State PSC engineering and general studies sections.

Key Facts to Remember:

• Power Capacity: Up to 300 MWe per reactor module (as classified by the International Atomic Energy Agency – IAEA).
• Key Advantages: Factory fabrication, scalable deployment, lower water requirements, passive safety mechanisms that operate without human intervention.
• Strategic Alignment: Helps fulfill India’s target of 500 GW non-fossil energy capacity and industrial decarbonization.

4. Kunming-Montreal Framework: Updating National Biodiversity Strategies

The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) has stepped up the alignment of India’s National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP) with the 23 global targets set out under the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (KMGBF). Adopted at COP15 of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), the framework mandates nations to arrest biodiversity decline and conserve at least 30 percent of terrestrial, inland water, and coastal areas by 2030 (the “30×30” target).

India’s strategy emphasizes decentralized conservation anchored by statutory Biodiversity Management Committees (BMCs) operating at the panchayat level, alongside Community Forest Rights recognized under the Forest Rights Act, 2006. Integrating traditional ecological knowledge with modern spatial mapping remains central to protecting ecologically fragile areas such as the Western Ghats and the Eastern Himalayas.

Exam Relevance: High priority for UPSC Prelims and GS Paper III (Conservation, Environmental Pollution and Degradation, Environmental Impact Assessment).

Key Facts to Remember:

• Core Milestone: “30×30” Target—conserving 30% of degraded land and marine ecosystems by 2030.
• Statutory Mechanism in India: Biological Diversity Act, 2002 (amended in 2023), implemented via National Biodiversity Authority (NBA) and state boards.
• Funding Window: Global Biodiversity Framework Fund (GBFF) under the Global Environment Facility (GEF).

5. Glacial Lake Outburst Floods (GLOFs): Himalayan Early Warning Upgrades

The National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) has expanded its multi-hazard early warning deployments across high-risk glacial lakes in Sikkim, Himachal Pradesh, Ladakh, and Uttarakhand. Rapid warming across the Hindu Kush-Himalaya (HKH) region has induced accelerating glacier retreat, causing high-altitude meltwater to accumulate behind unstable moraine dams. When these natural dams fail, destructive Glacial Lake Outburst Floods (GLOFs) inundate downstream valleys within hours.

Following historical breaches such as South Lhonak Lake, NDMA’s revised framework integrates automated weather stations, lake-level sensors, synthetic aperture radar (SAR) monitoring, and satellite telemetry. Community-level mitigation also involves controlled structural siphoning of lake water and establishing dedicated radio-frequency alert networks for downstream hydroelectric plants and settlements.

Exam Relevance: Directly relevant to UPSC GS Paper I (Geophysical phenomena) and GS Paper III (Disaster Management and Preparedness).

Key Facts to Remember:

• Trigger Factors: Moraine dam structural collapse, avalanches, cloudbursts, and seismic activity.
• Key Mitigation Tools: Siphoning off water, acoustic sensors, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), early alert sirens.
• Nodal Agency: National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) along with Geological Survey of India (GSI) and CWC.

6. PM-Surya Ghar: Muft Bijli Yojana Accelerating Decentralized Solar

The Central Government’s flagship rooftop solar initiative, PM-Surya Ghar: Muft Bijli Yojana, has recorded significant upticks in grid connections across residential feeders. Launched with an outlay exceeding ₹75,000 crore, the scheme aims to provide up to 300 units of free electricity every month to one crore households through rooftop solar installations supported by direct central financial subsidies.

Beyond reducing domestic power bills, the scheme serves a dual macroeconomic purpose: easing the financial burden on state power distribution companies (DISCOMs) burdened by aggregate technical and commercial (AT&C) losses, and reducing peak daytime load on thermal grids. Urban local bodies and Panchayats are incentivized to establish model solar villages and wards.

Exam Relevance: Frequently asked in UPSC GS Paper II (Government Policies and Interventions), GS Paper III (Energy Security), SSC CGL, and State PSC general awareness papers.

Key Facts to Remember:

• Total Outlay: Over ₹75,000 crore.
• Target: 1 crore residential households nationwide.
• Core Entitlement: Up to 300 units of free electricity per month through subsidized grid-connected rooftop systems.
• Administering Ministry: Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE).

7. Digital Agriculture Mission & AgriStack: Institutionalizing Agritech

The Union Cabinet’s multi-year Digital Agriculture Mission is reshaping rural service delivery through its open-source “AgriStack” architecture. AgriStack creates three primary registries: a Farmers’ Registry (providing each farmer a unique digital identifier akin to an Aadhaar for agriculture), a Geo-referenced Village Land Map Registry, and a Crop Sown Registry compiled through ground-truthed digital crop surveys.

By streamlining authenticated data access, AgriStack eliminates fraudulent claims under the PM-Kisan Samman Nidhi, accelerates settlements under PM Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY), and enables precision agriculture advisories via public-private partnerships. State governments are currently running pilot integrations linking their digitized land records (Bhoomi, Bhulekh) directly with the Central digital registry.

Exam Relevance: Critical for UPSC GS Paper III (Technology missions in agriculture, e-technology in the aid of farmers) and NABARD Grade A/B exams.

Key Facts to Remember:

• Core Architecture: AgriStack (Farmer ID, Crop Sown Registry, Geo-referenced Land Registry).
• Implementing Body: Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare.
• Associated Services: Krishi Decision Support System (Krishi-DSS), soil profile mapping, and direct electronic benefit transfers.

8. IPEF Clean Economy Agreement: Deepening Indo-Pacific Supply Chains

Implementation mechanisms under the Indo-Pacific Economic Framework for Prosperity (IPEF) Clean Economy Agreement have entered an operational phase among partner nations. India, which chose to stay out of the IPEF Trade Pillar, has actively engaged with the remaining three pillars: Supply Chains, Clean Economy, and Fair Economy (anti-corruption and taxation).

Under the Clean Economy Pillar, signatories collaborate on cross-border climate finance, decarbonization technologies, carbon-market accounting rules, and regional supply chain networks for critical minerals and renewable equipment. This multilateral engagement provides India a platform to attract private green capital while safeguarding its domestic trade policy sovereignty.

Exam Relevance: Essential for UPSC GS Paper II (International Agreements, Regional Groupings) and GS Paper III (Clean Energy Finance).

Key Facts to Remember:

• IPEF Members: 14 partner countries representing ~40% of global GDP (including India, US, Japan, Australia, South Korea, and ASEAN nations).
• Four Core Pillars: Trade (India opted out), Supply Chain Resilience, Clean Economy, and Fair Economy.
• Strategic Intent: Strengthening supply chain security and mobilizing sustainable infrastructure investment across the Indo-Pacific.

9. Gaganyaan Mission: Human-Rating Milestones & Vyommitra Testing

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has concluded critical environmental and performance verification cycles for the uncrewed orbital flight test under the Gaganyaan programme, featuring the half-humanoid robot ‘Vyommitra’. The test evaluates life-support systems, cabin pressure controls, crew escape thrusters, and parachute deceleration systems under simulated orbital conditions.

The overarching Gaganyaan project aims to demonstrate India’s indigenous human spaceflight capability by launching a crew of three astronauts into a 400 km Low Earth Orbit (LEO) for a three-day mission and returning them safely via a planned splashdown in Indian territorial waters. Successful execution will make India only the fourth country—after the Soviet Union/Russia, the United States, and China—to operate an independent human spaceflight system.

Exam Relevance: High yield for UPSC Prelims (General Science & Technology), GS Paper III, and Defence/Science exams.

Key Facts to Remember:

• Launch Vehicle: LVM3 (Launch Vehicle Mark-3), human-rated as HRLV.
• Target Orbit: 400 km Low Earth Orbit (LEO) for a mission duration of up to 3 days.
• Crew Module Features: Environmental Control and Life Support System (ECLSS), Crew Escape System (CES).
• Vyommitra: Female half-humanoid designed to simulate human physiological parameters and cabin operations.

10. Delimitation, Demographic Shift, and Constitutional Federalism

Constitutional debates have intensified around the pending Delimitation exercise following the upcoming Census, focusing on the freezing of parliamentary seats enacted by the 84th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2001. Southern and eastern states, which have successfully curbed population growth through effective family welfare and literacy policies, have raised concerns that strict population-based delimitation could disproportionately reduce their political representation in the Lok Sabha relative to states with higher fertility rates.

Legal scholars and constitutional benches are analyzing multiple policy remedies, including expanding the total strength of the Lok Sabha while assigning weighted seat distributions, or strengthening the federal balance by according greater legislative veto powers to the Rajya Sabha on federal matters. The discussion highlights the delicate constitutional balance between the principle of equal representation (“one citizen, one vote, one value”) and federal equity between states.

Exam Relevance: Core topic for UPSC GS Paper II (Indian Constitution, Federal Structure, Parliament and State Legislatures, Elections).

Key Facts to Remember:

• Constitutional Articles: Article 82 (Delimitation after each census by Parliament) and Article 170 (Composition of Legislative Assemblies).
• Key Amendment: 84th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2001 (froze seat reallocation until the first census after 2026).
• Delimitation Commission: Appointed by the President; its orders have the force of law and cannot be questioned in any court of law.

11. National Sports Governance Bill: Autonomy & Accountability in Indian Sports

The Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports has moved forward with legislative reforms to establish a statutory National Sports Governance Framework. Aimed at curbing perpetual administrative deadlocks across various National Sports Federations (NSFs), the proposed statutory framework mandates strict adherence to the Olympic Charter while enforcing financial transparency, age and tenure caps for office bearers, and the constitution of an independent Sports Regulatory Board.

India’s long-term vision to bid for the 2036 Summer Olympic Games requires a clean, accountable administrative ecosystem that guarantees athlete representation, safe sporting environments free from harassment, and transparent selection procedures aligned with international anti-doping and anti-corruption standards.

Exam Relevance: Relevant for UPSC GS Paper II (Statutory bodies, Governance) and General Awareness sections of SSC CGL, Banking, and State PSC examinations.

Key Facts to Remember:

• Key Mandates: Age cap (70 years), cooling-off periods, minimum representation for former athletes on executive committees.
• Regulatory Mechanism: Establishment of an independent dispute resolution body to bypass lengthy civil litigation.
• Strategic Alignment: Enhancing international sporting integrity ahead of potential bids for major sporting events (e.g., 2036 Olympics).

Quick Revision Points (One-Liners for Daily Recap)

• ULI: RBI-backed digital architecture facilitating consent-based, frictionless credit evaluation across rural and MSME sectors.
• IMEC: Multi-modal rail-and-port corridor connecting India, the Arabian Gulf, and Europe with clean energy and digital conduits.
• SMRs: Compact nuclear reactors producing up to 300 MWe, designed for factory assembly and industrial baseload decarbonization.
• KMGBF: Sets the global “30×30” conservation benchmark under the CBD; India implements it via decentralized Biodiversity Management Committees.
• GLOFs: High-altitude sudden floods triggered by failing moraine dams; mitigated using early warning radar, water siphoning, and automated sensors.
• PM-Surya Ghar: Central initiative delivering up to 300 units of free power per month to 1 crore households via subsidized rooftop solar units.
• AgriStack: Public digital infrastructure featuring Farmer IDs and digital crop survey mapping for authenticated welfare transfers.
• IPEF Clean Economy: Pillar of the 14-nation regional initiative focusing on green investment and critical mineral supply resilience.
• Gaganyaan / Vyommitra: India’s flagship crewed mission to 400 km LEO; uncrewed verification runs utilize the humanoid robot Vyommitra.
• Delimitation: Constitutional seat readjustment governed by Articles 82 and 170, currently frozen until the first census after 2026 under the 84th Amendment.
• Sports Governance: Proposed statutory overhaul enforcing tenure limits, athlete-led boards, and dispute resolution mechanisms across NSFs.

Important for Which Exam? (Syllabus Mapping)

• UPSC Civil Services Examination (CSE):
  • GS Paper I: Glacial Lake Outburst Floods (Physical Geography/Disasters).
  • GS Paper II: Delimitation and Federalism, National Sports Governance Framework, IMEC & IPEF.
  • GS Paper III: Unified Lending Interface (Economy), SMRs & Gaganyaan (Science & Tech), KMGBF (Biodiversity), AgriStack (Agriculture).
• State Public Service Commissions (UPPSC, BPSC, MPSC, KPSC, TNPSC):
  • High emphasis on PM-Surya Ghar Scheme, GLOF monitoring in Himalayan belts, and Delimitation constitutional provisions.
• Banking Exams (IBPS PO, SBI PO, RBI Grade B):
  • Unified Lending Interface (ULI) mechanisms, India Stack components, IPEF clean financing structures, and PM-Surya Ghar budgetary outlays.
• SSC CGL, CHSL & Railways (RRB NTPC):
  • Static-current overlap questions: Article 82/170 (Delimitation), LVM3/Vyommitra details, SMR capacities, and Headquarters/Pillars of IPEF and CBD.

Keep revising consistently. Success in competitive exams belongs to those who turn daily efforts into lifelong knowledge. See you tomorrow with the next comprehensive current affairs roundup!

Disclaimer: This content is curated for educational purposes for
competitive exam aspirants. Some links on this page are affiliate links — if you
purchase through them, we may earn a small commission at no extra cost to you.
This helps us keep providing free content. For our full disclaimer, visit our
Disclaimer Page.

Welcome to TheHindu.Club Daily Current Affairs analysis! Today is 12 October 2026. Stay focused, stay consistent, and let us dissect the most crucial national and international developments with high analytical yield for your upcoming examinations.

Dear Aspirants, preparing for competitive exams like UPSC Civil Services, State PSCs, SSC CGL, and Banking requires more than merely memorising headlines. It demands understanding the institutional frameworks, historical context, constitutional provisions, and economic rationale underlying every news item. Below is our comprehensive analysis of the top developments for today.

1. National: Delimitation Exercise and the Federal Balance Debate

The discourse surrounding the upcoming delimitation of Parliamentary constituencies continues to gather momentum across policy and academic circles. Under Article 82 of the Constitution, Parliament enacts a Delimitation Act after every Census, following which a Delimitation Commission demarcates boundaries of constituencies. However, the 84th Constitutional Amendment Act of 2001 froze the delimitation of Lok Sabha and State Legislative Assembly seats based on the 1971 Census until the first Census taken after the year 2026. With the calendar turning towards this pivotal threshold, federal concerns have taken centre stage.

The core policy challenge rests on balancing democratic representation—the principle of ‘one person, one vote, one value’—with cooperative federalism. Southern states that have successfully implemented population control measures fear a dilution of their legislative representation in Parliament vis-a-vis northern states with higher fertility rates. Experts suggest multiple structural solutions, including freezing the inter-state seat ratio while carrying out intra-state delimitation, strengthening the Rajya Sabha’s powers, or adjusting devolution weights in subsequent Finance Commission recommendations.

Exam Relevance: Relevant for UPSC GS Paper II (Indian Constitution, Federalism, Parliament), State PSCs (Polity), and SSC/Banking (Constitutional Amendments and Articles).

Key Facts Candidates Should Remember:

• Constitutional Basis: Article 82 (Delimitation after Census) and Article 170 (Composition of Legislative Assemblies).
• Freezing Amendments: 42nd Amendment Act (1976) froze delimitation until 2000; 84th Amendment Act (2001) extended the freeze until post-2026.
• Delimitation Commission: Appointed by the President of India, works in tandem with the Election Commission; its orders carry the force of law and cannot be questioned in any court of law.

2. Economy: Cross-Border CBDC Linkages and the Expansion of Digital Rupee

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has accelerated efforts to expand the interoperability of the Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC), known as the Digital Rupee (e₹), with international payment corridors. Building upon bilateral payment linkups via Unified Payments Interface (UPI), multilateral platforms such as Project Nexus and the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) innovation hubs are testing wholesale and retail CBDC linkages to settle cross-border remittances and trade transactions instantly.

Currently, cross-border remittances rely heavily on the correspondent banking network, which is characterised by high transaction fees, counterparty risks, and multi-day settlement cycles. A sovereign-backed digital currency operating on Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) or hybrid centralised ledgers reduces clearing friction, promotes de-risking, and lowers transaction costs from the current global average of around 6% down to a fraction of a percent, directly benefiting Indian diaspora remittances.

Exam Relevance: UPSC GS Paper III (Indian Economy, Monetary Policy, Currency Systems); RBI Grade B & Banking Exams (Financial Awareness, Payment Systems).

Key Facts Candidates Should Remember:

• Legal Framework: RBI Act, 1934 was amended via the Finance Act, 2022 to include digital currency within the definition of “bank note”.
• Variants: e₹-W (Wholesale, launched November 2022 for interbank settlement) and e₹-R (Retail, launched December 2022 for peer-to-peer and peer-to-merchant transactions).
• Project Nexus: Multilateral initiative conceptualised by the BIS Innovation Hub to connect instant payment systems globally.

3. International Relations: Strategic Progress along the India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor (IMEC)

Technical working groups under the India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor (IMEC) have advanced discussions on standardising customs clearance protocols and port logistics connectivity along the Arabian Sea-Persian Gulf corridor. Envisioned during the New Delhi G20 Summit, IMEC aims to connect India to the Gulf via maritime routes, followed by a rail network traversing Saudi Arabia and Jordan, culminating in rail and sea connections into mainland Europe.

The strategic value of IMEC is multifaceted: it serves as a reliable alternative to high-traffic choke points like the Bab-el-Mandeb and Suez Canal, lowers transit times between Mumbai and European ports by nearly 40%, and integrates clean energy trade through proposed green hydrogen pipelines and high-speed digital cables. The corridor also aligns with India’s SAGAR (Security and Growth for All in the Region) doctrine by fostering institutional interdependence in West Asia.

Exam Relevance: UPSC GS Paper II (Bilateral & Regional Groupings, International Treaties); SSC CGL & Defence Exams (Geopolitics and Maritime Geography).

Key Facts Candidates Should Remember:

• Founding Announcement: Partnership for Global Infrastructure and Investment (PGII) side-event at the 2023 G20 New Delhi Summit.
• Two Limbs: Eastern Corridor (connecting India to the Arabian Gulf) and Northern Corridor (connecting the Gulf to Europe).
• Key Components: Rail linkages, ship-to-rail transit networks, clean hydrogen electricity cables, and high-speed data transmission infrastructure.

4. Environment: Revision of National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plans (NBSAP)

The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) has stepped up operationalisation of India’s updated National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP), aligning domestic targets with the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (KMGBF). Adopted at CBD COP15, the framework demands halting biodiversity loss by 2030, anchored by the headline ’30×30 target’—the pledge to protect at least 30% of degraded land and marine ecosystems.

India’s strategy stresses community-led conservation, highlighting the vital role played by Biodiversity Management Committees (BMCs) under the Biological Diversity Act, 2002. By incorporating People’s Biodiversity Registers (PBRs) into digital planning tools, local self-governments are empowered to manage and conserve endemic flora and fauna. This aligns ecological integrity directly with rural livelihood stability through equitable sharing of biological resources.

Exam Relevance: UPSC GS Paper III (Conservation, Environmental Pollution & Degradation, EIA); State Forest Services and SSC exams.

Key Facts Candidates Should Remember:

• Kunming-Montreal GBF: Sets 4 overarching goals for 2050 and 23 action-oriented global targets for 2030.
• Target 3: Known as the ’30×30′ initiative, safeguarding 30% of Earth’s land, coastal areas, and inland waters by 2030.
• Biological Diversity Act, 2002: Institutional three-tier structure: National Biodiversity Authority (NBA), State Biodiversity Boards (SBBs), and local Biodiversity Management Committees (BMCs).

5. Science & Technology: ISRO’s Microgravity Platforms and Gaganyaan Advancements

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has continued its rigorous uncrewed orbital validation protocols in preparation for India’s indigenous human spaceflight mission, Gaganyaan. Concurrently, payload testbeds on the PSLV Orbital Experimental Module (POEM) and orbital drop-towers are providing Indian academic institutes and deep-tech startups accessible pathways to conduct microgravity research in stem-cell proliferation, protein crystallisation, and metallurgical alloys.

Achieving sustained microgravity experimentation capability is indispensable for foundational scientific leadership. The Gaganyaan programme is not merely an exercise in prestige; it acts as an umbrella driver for advanced life-support systems (ECLSS), composite material engineering, precision avionics, and space medicine. These milestones lay the direct technical roadmap towards establishing the ‘Bharatiya Antariksh Station’ (BAS) and planned lunar expeditions.

Exam Relevance: UPSC GS Paper III (Achievements of Indians in Science & Tech, Indigenisation of Technology, Space); SSC/Railways (ISRO missions, space terminology).

Key Facts Candidates Should Remember:

• Launch Vehicle: LVM3 (formerly GSLV Mk III), human-rated as the Human-Rated LVM3 (HLVM3).
• Module Architecture: Orbital Module consisting of the Crew Module (CM) and Service Module (SM).
• POEM: PSLV Orbital Experimental Module, which utilizes the spent fourth stage (PS4) of the rocket as a stabilised orbital research platform.

6. Government Schemes: Reviewing PM-PRANAM for Balanced Soil Chemistry

The Department of Fertilisers has reiterated the nationwide implementation milestones of the PM-PRANAM (Programme for Restoration, Awareness, Nourishment and Amelioration of Mother Earth) scheme. Designed to reduce the excessive application of chemical fertilisers such as urea and di-ammonium phosphate (DAP), the scheme incentivises states to promote alternative fertilisers, organic inputs, and nano-fertilisers.

Over-reliance on subsidised chemical inputs has skewed the ideal Nitrogen-Phosphorus-Potassium (N:P:K) soil ratio in several agricultural zones away from the standard 4:2:1 balance, degrading soil microbiota and causing nitrate leaching into groundwater aquifers. Under PM-PRANAM, 50% of the fertiliser subsidy savings achieved by a state is returned to that state government as a grant, which can then be deployed for asset creation and farmer capacity-building.

Exam Relevance: UPSC GS Paper II & III (Welfare Schemes, Agricultural Inputs, Subsidies); State PSCs and Banking/NABARD exams.

Key Facts Candidates Should Remember:

• Financing Mechanism: No separate budget allocation; financed by the savings generated in chemical fertiliser subsidies by the Department of Fertilisers.
• Grant Allocation: 50% of the subsidy savings given to states; 70% of this grant must be utilised for asset creation and alternative fertiliser infrastructure.
• Related Initiatives: Soil Health Card Scheme, PM Krishi Sinchayee Yojana, and PM Kisan Samriddhi Kendras (PMKSK).

7. Infrastructure & Logistics: Unified Logistics Interface Platform (ULIP) and Gati Shakti

The Ministry of Commerce and Industry reported significant integration benchmarks under the Unified Logistics Interface Platform (ULIP), an integral pillar of the National Logistics Policy (NLP). By consolidating data streams from 30+ domestic logistics systems across various ministries—including ports, railways, customs, and highways—ULIP provides cargo owners and logistics service providers real-time visibility and paperless clearance.

India has long faced elevated logistics costs, historically hovering between 13% to 14% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), compared to global benchmarks of 8% in advanced economies. By eliminating structural bottlenecks through the PM Gati Shakti National Master Plan’s geographic information systems (GIS) and ULIP’s digital APIs, the government aims to bring logistics costs down to single digits, directly boosting export competitiveness.

Exam Relevance: UPSC GS Paper III (Infrastructure, Transport, Ease of Doing Business); SSC CGL and Commerce/Banking exams.

Key Facts Candidates Should Remember:

• National Logistics Policy (NLP): Launched in September 2022 to lower logistics costs and improve India’s Logistics Performance Index (LPI) ranking.
• Key NLP Components: ULIP (Unified Logistics Interface Platform), ELIX (Ease of Logistics Services), and IDS (Integration of Digital Systems).
• PM Gati Shakti: A GIS-based platform integrating infrastructure planning across 16 infrastructure-related ministries.

8. Energy & Environment: Electrolyser Production and the Green Hydrogen Standard

The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) has reported expanded commercial operations under the Strategic Interventions for Green Hydrogen Transition (SIGHT) programme. As a cornerstone of the National Green Hydrogen Mission, SIGHT provides financial incentives for both domestic manufacturing of electrolysers and the direct production of green hydrogen.

Hydrogen is classified by its generation source: ‘Grey’ is derived from fossil fuels with unabated emissions, ‘Blue’ includes carbon capture and storage (CCS), while ‘Green’ is produced entirely via the electrolysis of water powered by renewable energy. India’s official Green Hydrogen Standard mandates that non-biogenic greenhouse gas emissions must not exceed 2 kilograms of CO2 equivalent per kilogram of H2 produced, positioning India as a low-emission supplier for heavy transport, steel, and refining industries.

Exam Relevance: UPSC GS Paper III (Renewable Energy, Industrial Growth, Climate Change Commitments); SSC/State exams.

Key Facts Candidates Should Remember:

• Mission Target: Production capacity of at least 5 Million Metric Tonnes (MMT) of Green Hydrogen per annum by 2030.
• SIGHT Programme: Allocates targeted financial outlays for Electrolyser Manufacturing and Green Hydrogen Production.
• Emission Threshold: India’s standard mandates emissions must be under 2 kg CO2 equivalent per 1 kg of H2 over an average 12-month period.

9. Agriculture & Food Security: CACP Deliberations on Crop Diversification and Pricing

The Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices (CACP) has submitted targeted recommendations emphasizing the recalibration of Minimum Support Price (MSP) policy to encourage sustainable crop diversification. Despite MSP being declared for 22 mandated agricultural crops and Fair and Remunerative Price (FRP) for sugarcane, public procurement remains predominantly concentrated in paddy and wheat through the Food Corporation of India (FCI).

This structural bias has resulted in severe mono-cropping, rapid groundwater depletion in the north-western plains, and excessive buffer stocks well above strategic reserve norms. Experts and CACP advisors recommend expanding procurement networks for nutri-cereals (millets), oilseeds, and pulses to encourage climate-resilient farming, narrow India’s dependence on imported edible oils, and improve nutritional security.

Exam Relevance: UPSC GS Paper III (Major Crop Patterns, Food Security, Buffer Stocks, Agricultural Pricing); State PSCs and NABARD.

Key Facts Candidates Should Remember:

• MSP Mandate: CACP recommends MSP for 22 mandated crops (7 cereals, 5 pulses, 7 oilseeds, and 3 commercial crops) plus FRP for sugarcane.
• Cost Concepts: CACP calculates three cost metrics: A2 (actual paid-out costs), A2+FL (actual costs plus imputed value of family labour), and C2 (comprehensive cost including land rental and capital interest).
• Current Formula: MSP is determined at a minimum of 1.5 times the cost of production (measured against A2+FL), as recommended by the Swaminathan Commission.

10. Security & Defence: Maritime Domain Awareness and the Role of IFC-IOR

The Information Fusion Centre – Indian Ocean Region (IFC-IOR), based in Gurugram, continues to broaden its partner network, enhancing real-time information sharing across friendly littoral nations. Established under the Indian Navy, the centre acts as a collaborative hub tracking commercial shipping, counter-piracy operations, illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing, and maritime smuggling across the wider Indo-Pacific.

Given that over 80% of global seaborne trade passes through key Indian Ocean choke points—such as the Strait of Malacca, Bab-el-Mandeb, and the Strait of Hormuz—maritime domain awareness (MDA) is fundamental to economic and national security. The stationing of International Liaison Officers (ILOs) from diverse partner nations at IFC-IOR underscores India’s position as a ‘Preferred Security Partner’ and first responder in the region.

Exam Relevance: UPSC GS Paper III (Security Challenges and Defense Management, Maritime Security); CDS, NDA, and CAPF exams.

Key Facts Candidates Should Remember:

• Establishment: Launched in December 2018; located at Gurugram, Haryana.
• Host Agency: Indian Navy; functions under the coastal surveillance and Information Management and Analysis Centre (IMAC) architecture.
• Strategic Alignment: Operates in synergy with India’s SAGAR policy (Security and Growth for All in the Region).

11. Sports & Governance: Target Olympic Podium Scheme (TOPS) and Athlete Support

The Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports, through the Mission Olympic Cell (MOC), has streamlined athlete monitoring protocols under the Target Olympic Podium Scheme (TOPS). As India expands its international sports footprint, the programme provides customized technical, nutritional, and psychological assistance to elite and emerging athletes preparing for the Olympic and Paralympic Games.

The institutional governance of Indian sports has evolved through continuous updates to the National Sports Development Code. By tying funding and administrative autonomy to clear governance norms, gender inclusion, and independent anti-doping protocols supervised by the National Anti-Doping Agency (NADA), the framework aims to build an accountable, athlete-first sports ecosystem.

Exam Relevance: Relevant for SSC CGL, Railways RRB, Banking General Awareness, and UPSC General Studies (Sports Governance & Institutional Frameworks).

Key Facts Candidates Should Remember:

• TOPS Inception: Formulated in 2014 under the National Sports Development Fund (NSDF).
• Operational Body: Mission Olympic Cell (MOC), a dedicated committee within the Sports Authority of India (SAI).
• NADA: National Anti-Doping Agency functions in compliance with the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) Code and the National Anti-Doping Act, 2022.

Quick Revision Points (One-Liners for Fast Recall)

• Article 82: Mandates readjustment of seats and delimitation of constituencies after every national Census.
• Project Nexus: Multilateral BIS project enabling cross-border payments between instant settlement systems.
• IMEC Corridor: Proposed multi-modal transport route split into the Eastern (India-Gulf) and Northern (Gulf-Europe) corridors.
• 30×30 Target: Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework pledge to protect 30% of degraded terrestrial and marine ecosystems by 2030.
• HLVM3: Human-Rated Launch Vehicle Mark 3 configured to launch ISRO’s Gaganyaan orbital module.
• PM-PRANAM: Scheme designed to lower chemical fertiliser usage, using 50% of subsidy savings as grants for states.
• ULIP: Single-window digital logistics gateway integrating multi-modal data streams under the National Logistics Policy.
• Green Hydrogen Standard: India sets the lifecycle greenhouse gas ceiling at ≤ 2 kg CO2 equivalent per 1 kg of H2.
• CACP Cost Benchmark: MSP is fixed at a minimum of 1.5 times the (A2 + FL) production costs.
• IFC-IOR: Indian Navy’s maritime information exchange centre situated in Gurugram, Haryana.
• Mission Olympic Cell (MOC): Dedicated administrative arm selecting and funding athletes under the TOPS programme.

Important for Which Exam? Topic Mapping

• UPSC Civil Services Examination (CSE):
  • GS Paper II (Governance, Polity, IR): Delimitation Debate, IMEC Geopolitics, Sports Governance.
  • GS Paper III (Economy, Environment, Science, Security): CBDC Cross-Border Linkages, Kunming-Montreal NBSAP, Gaganyaan, PM-PRANAM, ULIP Logistics, Green Hydrogen Standards, MSP Reforms, IFC-IOR Maritime Security.
• State Public Service Commissions (UPPSC, BPSC, MPSC, KPSC, etc.):
  • Constitutional articles (Art. 82, 170, 84th Amendment), CACP/MSP pricing formulas, fertiliser subsidy schemes, and regional biodiversity conservation.
• SSC CGL, CHSL & Railways (RRB NTPC):
  • Location of IFC-IOR, definitions of CBDC, Gaganyaan launch vehicle (HLVM3), 30×30 target origin, and National Logistics Policy digital components.
• Banking & Insurance Exams (IBPS PO, SBI PO, RBI Grade B, NABARD):
  • Project Nexus and cross-border payments, RBI Act amendments for e₹, PM-PRANAM financial sharing mechanics, and crop support pricing methodologies.

Revise these core concepts regularly, write down the one-liners in your personal notes, and keep testing yourself with mock questions. Best of luck with your preparation from all of us at TheHindu.Club!

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Dear Aspirants,

Welcome to today’s edition of Daily Current Affairs from TheHindu.Club. Consistency is the cornerstone of clearing competitive examinations, whether you are aiming for UPSC Civil Services, SSC CGL, Banking (IBPS/SBI), or State PSCs. Staying updated with conceptual clarity on ongoing national and global developments is non-negotiable. Below is our curated, high-yield analysis of the most important issues for your preparation.

1. National: Delimitation Commission & Constitutional Provisions under Article 82

The discourse surrounding the upcoming Delimitation exercise in India continues to gain momentum among constitutional and legal scholars. Delimitation is the act of redrawing boundaries of Lok Sabha and State Legislative Assembly seats based on recent demographic shifts to reflect equitable representation. Under Article 82, Parliament enacts a Delimitation Act after every Census, followed by the constitution of a high-powered Delimitation Commission chaired by a retired Supreme Court judge.

The principal debate centers on the tension between democratic parity and federal balance. States in Southern India, which have successfully implemented population control policies over the past five decades, voice concern that an unadjusted reapportionment solely driven by raw population data could lower their political representation relative to northern states. Experts have suggested combining seat-expansion with federal safeguards or weighted representation metrics to resolve these inter-state disparities without penalizing demographic performance.

Why it matters for exams: Highly relevant for UPSC GS Paper II (Indian Polity, Federalism, Constitutional Bodies) and state exams. Questions frequently test the Delimitation Commission’s composition, powers, and the constitutional freeze initiated by the 42nd and 84th Constitutional Amendment Acts.

• Article 82: Mandates Parliament to enact a Delimitation Act after every decennial Census.
• Article 170: Governs composition and delimitation of State Legislative Assemblies.
• Legal Standing: Orders issued by the Delimitation Commission have the force of law and cannot be questioned before any court of law under Article 329(a).
• Historical Context: Representation had been frozen at the 1971 Census levels by the 42nd Amendment (1976), extended until the first census after 2026 by the 84th Amendment (2001).

2. International Relations: India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor (IMEC)

The India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor (IMEC), unveiled on the sidelines of the G20 New Delhi Summit, remains a priority in India’s geoeconomic strategy. Conceived to connect India, the Arabian Gulf, and Europe via integrated railway, ship-to-rail transit networks, and energy corridors, IMEC serves as a multimodal trade architecture designed to reduce transit times between Mumbai and European ports by up to 40%.

Beyond logistics, IMEC incorporates clean hydrogen export pipelines and high-speed digital connectivity cables. While regional geopolitical volatility poses operational challenges, participating nations—including India, the UAE, Saudi Arabia, the US, and EU members—continue technical working group negotiations regarding standardized customs protocols, railway gauge interoperability, and port development along the Western Indian coastline.

Why it matters for exams: Significant for UPSC GS Paper II (Bilateral & Regional Groupings), SSC, and Banking exams focusing on global trade routes, maritime connectivity, and strategic alternatives to China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI).

• Pillars of IMEC: Comprises the East Corridor (connecting India to the Arabian Gulf) and the Northern Corridor (connecting the Gulf to Europe).
• Key Components: Rail networks, ship-to-shore connectivity, electricity grids, clean hydrogen transport pipelines, and digital fiber-optic cables.
• Lead Signatories: India, USA, Saudi Arabia, UAE, European Union, France, Germany, and Italy.

3. Economy & Banking: Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) Offline Interoperability

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is actively expanding the scope of the Digital Rupee (e₹) by testing offline transaction capabilities in rural and remote regions. The Retail CBDC (e₹-R) utilizes distributed ledger architecture to provide a sovereign, risk-free alternative to commercial bank deposits, mirroring physical cash in denomination and non-interest-bearing legal tender status.

The transition toward offline functionality utilizes Near Field Communication (NFC) and secure hardware elements to enable peer-to-peer (P2P) transfers without active internet access. This technological deployment addresses financial inclusion deficits in network-shadow areas while eliminating merchant interchange fees common in traditional card networks, thereby strengthening domestic payments sovereignty.

Why it matters for exams: Directly relevant for UPSC GS Paper III (Economy, Financial Inclusion), RBI Grade B, and IBPS PO exams regarding the distinction between CBDC, UPI, and private cryptocurrencies.

• Definition: Digital Rupee is a sovereign currency issued by the RBI under the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934 (amended via Finance Act 2022).
• Key Characteristic: It appears as a liability on the RBI’s balance sheet, distinguishing it from bank deposits or private digital wallets.
• UPI Interoperability: QR codes have been harmonized, allowing users to scan existing UPI QR codes to pay via their CBDC wallets.

4. Environment & Ecology: PRANA Portal & National Clean Air Programme (NCAP)

Air quality governance remains under scrutiny across the Indo-Gangetic Plain ahead of the winter season. The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), operating under the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC), is tracking urban mitigation metrics via the PRANA (Portal for Regulation of Air-pollution in Non-Attainment cities) platform under the National Clean Air Programme (NCAP).

NCAP aims to reduce particulate matter concentrations (PM2.5 and PM10) by up to 40% across identified non-attainment cities—urban centers that consistently violate National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). Mitigation strategies rely on city-specific action plans, mechanical street-sweeping, biomass management, and source-apportionment studies rather than seasonal stop-gap curbs.

Why it matters for exams: Essential for UPSC GS Paper III (Pollution, Environmental Impact Assessment) and State PSC exams that frequently ask about ambient air pollutants, CPCB mandates, and environmental governance platforms.

• Target Baseline: Launched in 2019, targeting a 20–30% PM reduction originally, revised upward to a 40% target across 131 non-attainment cities.
• PRANA Portal: Monitors city-level physical and financial progress under NCAP.
• Pollutants Covered under NAAQS: 12 criteria pollutants, including PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2, CO, NH3, Ozone, Lead, Nickel, Arsenic, Benzo(a)pyrene, and Benzene.

5. Science & Technology: NISAR Earth Observation Mission Capabilities

The NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR) joint Earth-observation mission represents a technical milestone in radar remote sensing. Developed collaboratively by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the dual-frequency observatory is designed to systematically map Earth’s land and ice surfaces globally every 12 days.

NISAR’s unique advantage lies in its simultaneous use of L-band radar (developed by NASA) and S-band radar (developed by ISRO). The radar can penetrate cloud cover and dense vegetation canopies, operating continuously day and night. The mission will generate unprecedented baseline data for tracking tectonic crustal deformation, glacier retreat dynamics, forest biomass changes, and coastal wetland erosion.

Why it matters for exams: Important for UPSC GS Paper III (Space Technology, Disaster Management) and SSC scientific awareness questions regarding bilateral space cooperation.

• Orbit: Sun-synchronous low Earth orbit (LEO).
• Sensors: L-band (24 cm wavelength, high penetration for soil/vegetation) and S-band (9 cm wavelength, sensitive to light vegetation and urban structures).
• Applications: Early warning for landslides, monitoring ground water depletion, mapping volcanic hazards, and measuring cryosphere changes.

6. Government Schemes: PM-Surya Ghar: Muft Bijli Yojana

The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) is driving large-scale implementations under the PM-Surya Ghar: Muft Bijli Yojana. With an outlay exceeding ₹75,000 crore, the initiative aims to provide up to 300 units of free electricity monthly to one crore households through decentralized residential rooftop solar installations.

The scheme restructures the traditional subsidy model by offering direct financial assistance linked to capacity, disbursing funds directly to consumer bank accounts through the National Portal for Rooftop Solar. It also encourages Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) and Panchayati Raj institutions to develop “Model Solar Villages” in rural jurisdictions, decentralizing green energy generation and minimizing distribution losses for state discoms.

Why it matters for exams: Crucial for UPSC GS Paper II (Welfare Schemes) and Paper III (Infrastructure, Renewable Energy), as well as Banking and SSC exams testing scheme details, targets, and nodal ministries.

• Target Outlay: ₹75,021 crore for 1 crore households.
• Subsidy Structure: Up to ₹30,000 per kW for installations up to 2 kW, with an additional ₹18,000 for the 3rd kW (capped at ₹78,000).
• Nodal Ministry: Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE).
• Discom Role: Net-metering setup and grid integration of surplus generation.

7. Economy & Agriculture: Price Support Architecture & MSP Calculation Formulas

Agricultural pricing policy and the statutory mechanics of the Minimum Support Price (MSP) remain a focal point of agrarian discourse in India. The Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices (CACP), an attached office of the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, recommends MSP for 22 mandated crops and fair and remunerative price (FRP) for sugarcane based on comprehensive production cost analyses.

Key debates involve the methodology used to calculate production costs. While the central government sets MSP at a minimum of 1.5 times the cost of production using the A2+FL formula (actual paid-out costs plus imputed value of family labour), farmer groups have advocated for the National Commission on Farmers (Swaminathan Committee) recommendation based on C2 (comprehensive cost, which includes rental value of owned land and interest on fixed capital assets).

Why it matters for exams: A fundamental topic for UPSC GS Paper III (Major Crop Patterns, Food Security, Agricultural Economics) and State Civil Services exams.

• Crops Mandated: 22 crops (7 cereals, 5 pulses, 7 oilseeds, and 3 commercial crops: cotton, raw jute, and copra).
• CACP Status: Advisory statutory body established in 1965 (initially the Agricultural Prices Commission).
• Cost Formulas:
  • A2: Direct expenses on seeds, fertilizers, fuel, hired labor.
  • A2+FL: A2 plus the imputed value of unpaid family labor.
  • C2: Comprehensive cost including land rent and capital asset interest alongside A2+FL.

8. International Law & Oceans: Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction (BBNJ) Treaty

The historic High Seas Treaty, formally known as the agreement on Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction (BBNJ) under the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), has reached critical ratification phases globally. The treaty provides the first comprehensive legal framework for establishing marine protected areas (MPAs) in international waters, which cover nearly two-thirds of the world’s oceans.

The treaty addresses four core areas: marine genetic resources (MGRs) and the fair sharing of their commercial benefits, area-based management tools including MPAs, environmental impact assessments (EIAs) for high-seas commercial activities, and capacity building and marine technology transfer. It serves as an essential legal pillar to realize the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework’s “30×30” target (protecting 30% of land and sea by 2030).

Why it matters for exams: High importance for UPSC GS Paper II & III (International Treaties, Marine Ecology, Global Commons) and environmental sections across national exams.

• Parent Convention: Adopted under the framework of UNCLOS (1982).
• Core Mechanism: Establishes mandatory Environmental Impact Assessments for commercial exploration in ocean areas beyond exclusive economic zones (EEZs).
• Enforcement Requirement: Requires 60 state ratifications to officially enter into force.

9. Environment & Wildlife: Cheetah Project & Metapopulation Management

India’s long-term cheetah reintroduction program at Kuno National Park and the Gandhi Sagar Wildlife Sanctuary in Madhya Pradesh is transitioning toward systematic metapopulation management. As the world’s first intercontinental translocation of a large carnivore, the initiative aims to re-establish the apex predator in historical savanna and dry deciduous habitats where the Asiatic cheetah was declared extinct in 1952.

Wildlife biologists emphasize that establishing a viable, self-sustaining population requires expanding across connected protected areas rather than confining populations to a single reserve. Establishing prey densities, fencing transit corridors, managing human-wildlife conflict along pastoral fringes, and preventing genetic bottlenecks through staggered translocations from Southern Africa form the operational bedrock of this conservation effort.

Why it matters for exams: Highly tested in UPSC Prelims (Protected Areas, IUCN Status) and State PSCs (Forestry, Wildlife conservation).

• IUCN Status: African Cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus jubatus) is classified as Vulnerable; Asiatic Cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus venaticus) is Critically Endangered (surviving only in Iran).
• Key Sites in India: Kuno National Park, Gandhi Sagar Wildlife Sanctuary, and Nauradehi Wildlife Sanctuary (Madhya Pradesh).
• Nodal Implementing Body: National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA) in coordination with the Wildlife Institute of India (WII).

10. Science & Defence: Integrated Air Defence & BMD Phase-II Deployments

The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) has reinforced India’s multi-layered air and missile defence architecture through trials and site validations under the Ballistic Missile Defence (BMD) Phase-II programme. The phase features long-range interceptor missiles, notably the AD-1 and AD-2, engineered to engage long-range ballistic missiles in both endo-atmospheric (within Earth’s atmosphere) and exo-atmospheric realms.

Phase-II extends India’s deterrence capability from intermediate threats to 5,000 km-class intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) trajectories. Paired with indigenous Very Long-Range Tracking Radars (VLRTR) and automated command-and-control nodes, the BMD network integrates seamlessly with existing lower-tier tactical interceptors (such as the Akash-NG and S-400 systems), providing multi-layered canopy protection over high-value strategic zones.

Why it matters for exams: Relevant for UPSC GS Paper III (Defence Technology, Indigenisation of Technology) and defence exams including CDS, AFCAT, and CAPF.

• Phase-I vs Phase-II: Phase-I used Prithvi Air Defence (PAD/Pradyumna) for exo-atmospheric and Advanced Air Defence (AAD/Ashwin) for endo-atmospheric targets up to 2,000 km range. Phase-II (AD-1 & AD-2) targets 5,000 km range threats.
• Interceptor Class: AD-1 is a long-range, two-stage solid-fueled interceptor capable of low exo-atmospheric and high endo-atmospheric interception.
• Developer: Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO).

11. Sports & Youth Affairs: National Sports Governance Bill Framework

Reforms in sports administration across India center on enshrining the National Sports Development Code into a binding statutory architecture. The objective is to bring National Sports Federations (NSFs) and the Indian Olympic Association (IOA) under transparent corporate governance standards, structured financial auditing, and age-and-tenure limitations for executive office-bearers.

The governance framework establishes an independent Sports Regulatory Board alongside a specialized Sports Appellate Tribunal to settle selection disputes, unethical conduct, and administrative paralysis outside the backlog of civil courts. The framework also mandates a 30% reservation for prominent sportspersons in decision-making executive committees, aligning domestic federations with the Olympic Charter and international anti-doping regulations under WADA and NADA.

Why it matters for exams: Relevant for UPSC GS Paper II (Statutory Bodies, Regulatory Frameworks), SSC, and State PSC general awareness sections.

• Key Provisions: Age cap of 70 years and strict term limits for office-bearers of National Sports Federations.
• Tribunal: Proposed establishment of an independent Sports Arbitration Tribunal to resolve governance and athlete-selection grievances.
• NADA Mandate: National Anti-Doping Agency enforced under the National Anti-Doping Act, 2022.

Quick Revision Points (One-Liners for Fast Recall)

• Article 82: Directs the readjustment of Lok Sabha seats after every Census via a Delimitation Commission.
• IMEC Route: Bypasses congested traditional choke points by linking India’s west coast to Europe via Gulf rail systems.
• CBDC Nature: Central Bank Digital Currency is legal tender and a direct liability of the RBI, unlike commercial bank money.
• PRANA Portal: Monitors execution of the National Clean Air Programme across 131 non-attainment cities.
• NISAR Radar: Uses dual L-band (NASA) and S-band (ISRO) synthetic aperture radar for 12-day Earth surface repeat mapping.
• PM-Surya Ghar Outlay: ₹75,021 crore aimed at installing rooftop solar units across 1 crore households.
• Swaminathan Formula: Recommends an MSP fixed at C2 (comprehensive cost) + 50%.
• BBNJ Treaty: Legal instrument under UNCLOS to establish marine protected areas in international waters (High Seas).
• Asiatic Cheetah Status: Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List; African Cheetah is listed as Vulnerable.
• AD-1 Interceptor: Phase-II BMD missile designed for exo- and high endo-atmospheric interception against long-range ballistic targets.
• Sports Code Objective: Enforces tenure caps, age limits, and athlete representation across National Sports Federations.

Important for Which Exam? (Exam-Wise Breakdown)

• UPSC Civil Services (Prelims & Mains):
  • GS Paper II: Delimitation (Art. 82), India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor, National Sports Governance.
  • GS Paper III: CBDC Offline Mechanics, PRANA/NCAP Air Quality, NISAR Mission, PM-Surya Ghar Yojana, MSP Calculation Models, BBNJ Treaty, BMD Phase-II.
• State PSCs (UPPSC, BPSC, MPPSC, KPSC): Cheetah relocation reserves (Kuno/Gandhi Sagar), CACP mandate, Constitutional limits on Delimitation, Renewable energy subsidies.
• Banking Exams (IBPS PO, SBI PO, RBI Grade B): Digital Rupee (CBDC) regulatory framework, CACP composition, PM-Surya Ghar fiscal allocations, IMEC connectivity corridors.
• SSC CGL, CHSL & Railways (RRB NTPC): NAAQS criteria pollutants list, NASA-ISRO satellite names, Articles 82 & 170, Headquarters of DRDO/ISRO, Sports code age regulations.
• Defence Exams (CDS, AFCAT, CAPF): BMD Phase-II (AD-1 interceptor attributes), dual-frequency radar mechanisms (L-band and S-band), Maritime boundary zones under UNCLOS.

Keep revising consistently. Note down static links associated with these topics, and test yourself on their constitutional, economic, and scientific foundations. Best of luck with your preparation!

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Title: Shield IAS October 2021 Monthly Current Affairs

Author:    Shield IAS

Edition:    2021

Publisher:    Shield IAS

Language:    English

Number of Pages:   99 Pages

Publishing Date:    October 2021

Helpful For the UPSC IAS IPS CSE, NDA, CDS, IES, IFS, SSC CGL, CHSL, MTS, BANKING, RAILYWAYS, STATE PCS, State SSC level Exams.

The Files, Links and web addresses linked to the contents, posts, pages, images of/on this website are not hosted by us, neither we know the sources, we are not the owners, we collect links already spread on the internet and we want to help students and the audiences, we help them via referring them to the websites, files, docs hey are looking for with the link of the destination. All the files are hosted on external servers by different owners and we assure you w have no communication or any relationship with them. We Do comply with the internet rules, www.thehindu.club does not hold responsibility for content hosted on third-party websites and does not have any involvement in the same. You can refer to the Disclaimer Page to read our website disclaimer and for more details Reach us via Contact Page.

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Affairs Cloud Current Affairs 2021

Title: Affairs Cloud Static GK current Affairs September 2021 PDF

Author:    Affairs Cloud

Edition:    September 2021

Publisher:    Affairs Cloud

Language:    English

Number of Pages:    33

Publishing Date:    17 October 2021

Helpful For the UPSC IAS IPS CSE, NDA, CDS, IES, IFS, SSC CGL, CHSL, MTS, BANKING, RAILYWAYS, STATE PCS, State SSC level Exams.

The Files, Links and web addresses linked to the contents, posts, pages, images of/on this website are not hosted by us, neither we know the sources, we are not the owners, we collect links already spread on the internet and we want to help students and the audiences, we help them via referring them to the websites, files, docs hey are looking for with the link of the destination. All the files are hosted on external servers by different owners and we assure you w have no communication or any relationship with them. We Do comply with the internet rules, www.thehindu.club does not hold responsibility for content hosted on third-party websites and does not have any involvement in the same. You can refer to the Disclaimer Page to read our website disclaimer and for more details Reach us via Contact Page.

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September Month GK Magazine PDF by Byjus

Title:    MONTHLY GK DIGEST SEPTEMBER 2021

Author:    Byjus

Edition:   September 2021

Publisher:    The Hindu Club

Language:    English\Hindi

Number of Pages:    N/A(Not Available)

Publishing Date:    September 2021

Helpful For the UPSC IAS IPS CSE, NDA, CDS, IES, IFS, SSC CGL, CHSL, MTS, BANKING, RAILYWAYS, STATE PCS, State SSC level Exams.

The Files, Links and web addresses linked to the contents, posts, pages, images of/on this website are not hosted by us, neither we know the sources, we are not the owners, we collect links already spread on the internet and we want to help students and the audiences, we help them via referring them to the websites, files, docs hey are looking for with the link of the destination. All the files are hosted on external servers by different owners and we assure you w have no communication or any relationship with them. We Do comply with the internet rules, www.thehindu.club does not hold responsibility for content hosted on third-party websites and does not have any involvement in the same. You can refer to the Disclaimer Page to read our website disclaimer and for more details Reach us via Contact Page.

Vision Ias Current Affairs PDF

Daily Current affairs are important for the UPSC Aspirants as it plays a vital role in the GS papers to stay updated to day to day happening, learning  it daily never bothers a learner and it also gives a push to know little more about the happening.

Title:    2,3 and 4 October current affair pdf by vision ias.

Author:    VISION IAS

Edition:    2021

Publisher:    The hindu club

Language:    English\Hindi

Number of Pages:    6

Publishing Date:   05 October 2021

Helpful For the UPSC IAS IPS CSE, NDA, CDS, IES, IFS, SSC CGL, CHSL, MTS, BANKING, RAILYWAYS, STATE PCS, State SSC level Exams.

The Files, Links and web addresses linked to the contents, posts, pages, images of/on this website are not hosted by us, neither we know the sources, we are not the owners, we collect links already spread on the internet and we want to help students and the audiences, we help them via referring them to the websites, files, docs hey are looking for with the link of the destination. All the files are hosted on external servers by different owners and we assure you w have no communication or any relationship with them. We Do comply with the internet rules, www.thehindu.club does not hold responsibility for content hosted on third-party websites and does not have any involvement in the same. You can refer to the Disclaimer Page to read our website disclaimer and for more details Reach us via Contact Page.

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Virat Kohli has become the first batter from the country to cross the 10,000 runs mark in the T20 format.
विराट कोहली टी20 फॉर्मेट में 10,000 रन का आंकड़ा पार करने वाले देश के पहले बल्लेबाज बन गए हैं।

• Title: Daily Current Affairs
• Author:    UPSC ASPIRANT
• Edition:    2021
• Publisher:    The Hindu Club
• Language:    English\Hindi
• Publishing Date:   September 28 2021

1. Hardeep Singh Puri, Minister of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA) launched the seventh consecutive edition of Swachh Survekshan on 27 September 2021 in New Delhi.
1. आवास और शहरी मामलों के मंत्री (एमओएचयूए) हरदीप सिंह पुरी ने 27 सितंबर 2021 को नई दिल्ली में स्वच्छ सर्वेक्षण के लगातार सातवें संस्करण का शुभारंभ किया।

2. Lieutenant General Gurbirpal Singh took over as the 34th Director General of the National Cadet Corps (NCC) on September 27, 2021.
2. लेफ्टिनेंट जनरल गुरबीरपाल सिंह ने 27 सितंबर, 2021 को राष्ट्रीय कैडेट कोर (एनसीसी) के 34वें महानिदेशक के रूप में पदभार ग्रहण किया।

3. The Finance Ministry has set up two committees of state finance ministers who would review current tax slabs and GST exempt items, identify potential evasion sources and suggest changes in IT systems.
3. वित्त मंत्रालय ने राज्य के वित्त मंत्रियों की दो समितियों का गठन किया है जो मौजूदा कर स्लैब और जीएसटी छूट वाली वस्तुओं की समीक्षा करेंगे, संभावित चोरी के स्रोतों की पहचान करेंगे और आईटी सिस्टम में बदलाव का सुझाव देंगे।

4. ICRA has revised its 2021-22 real GDP growth estimate for India to 9% from the earlier 8.5%.
4. ICRA ने भारत के लिए अपने 2021-22 के वास्तविक जीडीपी विकास अनुमान को पहले के 8.5% से संशोधित कर 9% कर दिया है।

5. The RBI has imposed a monetary penalty of ₹11 lakh on the Jammu & Kashmir State Co-operative Bank Limited, Srinagar for deficiencies in regulatory compliance.
5. आरबीआई ने नियामक अनुपालन में कमियों के लिए जम्मू और कश्मीर राज्य सहकारी बैंक लिमिटेड, श्रीनगर पर ₹11 लाख का मौद्रिक जुर्माना लगाया है।

6. For the first time, a Tamil Nadu-based MSME has clinched a deal with the largest aerospace firm Boeing.
6. पहली बार, तमिलनाडु स्थित एमएसएमई ने सबसे बड़ी एयरोस्पेस फर्म बोइंग के साथ सौदा किया है।

7. Union Minister of State for Health and Family Welfare Dr. Bharati Pravin Pawar addressed the inaugural session of the 4th Indo-US Health Dialogue on 27 Sep’21.
7. केंद्रीय स्वास्थ्य और परिवार कल्याण राज्य मंत्री डॉ. भारती प्रवीण पवार ने 27 सितंबर,21 को चौथी भारत-अमेरिका स्वास्थ्य वार्ता के उद्घाटन सत्र को संबोधित किया।

8. Indian Army Officer Lt Col Sripada Sriram has set a new Guinness World record for ‘Fastest Solo Cycling (Men)’ by covering 472 km from Leh to Manali in just over 34 hours.
8. भारतीय सेना अधिकारी लेफ्टिनेंट कर्नल श्रीपाद श्रीराम ने लेह से मनाली तक केवल 34 घंटों में 472 किमी की दूरी तय करके ‘सबसे तेज सोलो साइकिलिंग (पुरुष)’ का नया गिनीज वर्ल्ड रिकॉर्ड बनाया है।

9. Virat Kohli has become the first batter from the country to cross the 10,000 runs mark in the T20 format.
9. विराट कोहली टी20 फॉर्मेट में 10,000 रन का आंकड़ा पार करने वाले देश के पहले बल्लेबाज बन गए हैं।

10. Cyril Amarchand Mangaldas has been selected as a legal advisor for the initial public offering (IPO) of Life Insurance Corporation (LIC).
10. सिरिल अमरचंद मंगलदास को जीवन बीमा निगम (एलआईसी) के आरंभिक सार्वजनिक निर्गम (आईपीओ) के लिए कानूनी सलाहकार के रूप में चुना गया है।

11. A first batch of 36 shooters reached the Peruvian capital Lima on 26 September 2021 for the International Shooting Sport Federation (ISSF) Junior World Championship.
11. इंटरनेशनल शूटिंग स्पोर्ट फेडरेशन (आईएसएसएफ) जूनियर वर्ल्ड चैंपियनशिप के लिए 36 निशानेबाजों का पहला जत्था 26 सितंबर 2021 को पेरू की राजधानी लीमा पहुंचा।

12. Admiral Karambir Singh, Chief of the Naval Staff (CNS) is on a three-day official visit to Oman from 27-29 September 2021.
12. नौसेना प्रमुख (सीएनएस) एडमिरल करमबीर सिंह 27-29 सितंबर 2021 तक ओमान की तीन दिवसीय आधिकारिक यात्रा पर हैं।

13. International Day for the Total Elimination of Nuclear Weapons is observed on September 26 every year.
13. हर साल 26 सितंबर को परमाणु हथियारों के पूर्ण उन्मूलन के लिए अंतर्राष्ट्रीय दिवस मनाया जाता है।

14. Lewis Hamilton has become the first Formula One driver to win 100 races with victory in the Russian Grand Prix to retake the championship lead from Max Verstappen.
14. लुईस हैमिल्टन रूसी ग्रां प्री में जीत के साथ 100 रेस जीतने वाले पहले फॉर्मूला वन ड्राइवर बन गए हैं, जिन्होंने मैक्स वर्स्टापेन से चैंपियनशिप लीड को फिर से हासिल किया है।

15. World Environmental Health Day 2021 is observed annually on September 26 to spread awareness globally regarding the health of the environment.
15. पर्यावरण के स्वास्थ्य के बारे में विश्व स्तर पर जागरूकता फैलाने के लिए प्रतिवर्ष 26 सितंबर को विश्व पर्यावरण स्वास्थ्य दिवस 2021 मनाया जाता है।

16. World Tourism Day was observed on 27 September 2021.
16. 27 सितंबर 2021 को विश्व पर्यटन दिवस मनाया गया।

17. A Weaver Services and Design Resource Center will be set up in Kullu.
17. कुल्लू में बुनकर सेवा एवं डिजाइन संसाधन केंद्र की स्थापना की जाएगी।

18. Fifteen Punjab Congress MLAs took oath as Ministers in Chief Minister Charanjit Singh Channi’s new Cabinet on 26 September 201.
18. पंजाब कांग्रेस के पंद्रह विधायकों ने 26 सितंबर 201 को मुख्यमंत्री चरणजीत सिंह चन्नी के नए मंत्रिमंडल में मंत्रियों के रूप में शपथ ली।

19. The United States handed over 157 artifacts and antiquities during Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s visit.
19. संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका ने प्रधान मंत्री नरेंद्र मोदी की यात्रा के दौरान 157 कलाकृतियों और पुरावशेषों को सौंपा।

20. September 26 marks the birth anniversary of Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar.
20. 26 सितंबर को ईश्वर चंद्र विद्यासागर की जयंती है।

Hope our Daily Current Affair is helping you stay updated!
आशा है कि हमारा Daily Current Affair आपको अपडेट रहने में मदद कर रहा है!

(more…)

in English & Hindi

Title: Daily Current Affair 27 September 2021

Author:    UPSC ASPIRANT

Edition:    2021

Publisher:    The Hindu Club

Language:    English\Hindi

Publishing Date:   September 27 2021

1. The Quad group has launched an infrastructure partnership and fellowship program on 24 September 2021. The Quad Fellowship has been stewarded by Schmidt Futures, a philanthropic initiative, and supported by Accenture, Blackstone, Boeing, Google, Mastercard, and Western Digital.

1. क्वाड(Quad) ग्रुप ने 24 सितंबर 2021 को एक बुनियादी ढांचा साझेदारी और फेलोशिप कार्यक्रम शुरू किया है। क्वाड फेलोशिप को श्मिट फ्यूचर्स द्वारा संचालित किया गया है, जो एक परोपकारी पहल है, और एक्सेंचर, ब्लैकस्टोन, बोइंग, गूगल, मास्टरकार्ड और वेस्टर्न डिजिटल द्वारा समर्थित है।

2. The US Department of Energy along with its Indian counterparts launched a new public-private Hydrogen Task Force as well as a Biofuels Task Force. These groups have been launched under Strategic Clean Energy Partnership (SCEP).

2. अमेरिकी ऊर्जा विभाग ने अपने भारतीय समकक्षों के साथ एक नई सार्वजनिक-निजी हाइड्रोजन टास्क फोर्स के साथ-साथ एक जैव ईंधन टास्क फोर्स का शुभारंभ किया। इन समूहों को स्ट्रैटेजिक क्लीन एनर्जी पार्टनरशिप (एससीईपी) के तहत लॉन्च किया गया है।

3. ​The HDFC Bank Ltd. has been voted ‘Overall Most Outstanding Company in India,’ in a poll conducted by reputed publication Asiamoney.

3. एचडीएफसी बैंक लिमिटेड को प्रतिष्ठित प्रकाशन एशियामनी द्वारा किए गए एक सर्वेक्षण में ‘भारत में सबसे उत्कृष्ट कंपनी’ चुना गया है।

4. Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) along with IIT-Gandhinagar has decided to launch the online series ‘Eklavya’. Online sessions of ‘3030 Eklavya’ would be held every Sunday afternoon starting September 26, 2021.

4. केंद्रीय माध्यमिक शिक्षा बोर्ड (सीबीएसई) ने आईआईटी-गांधीनगर के साथ मिलकर ऑनलाइन श्रृंखला ‘एकलव्य’ शुरू करने का फैसला किया है। 26 सितंबर, 2021 से प्रत्येक रविवार दोपहर ‘3030 एकलव्य’ का ऑनलाइन सत्र आयोजित किया जाएगा।

5. Kerala Startup Mission (KSUM) has launched an Innovators Premier League (IPL) 2021 as part of its flagship IEDC(Innovation and Entrepreneurship Development Centre) program. The IPL seeks to provide a gamified learning platform to students and institutions to explore as well as experiment with unconventional ideas.

5. केरल स्टार्टअप मिशन (KSUM) ने अपने प्रमुख IEDC (इनोवेशन एंड एंटरप्रेन्योरशिप डेवलपमेंट सेंटर) कार्यक्रम के हिस्से के रूप में एक इनोवेटर्स प्रीमियर लीग (IPL) 2021 लॉन्च किया है। आईपीएल छात्रों और संस्थानों को अपरंपरागत विचारों के साथ-साथ प्रयोग करने के लिए एक सरल शिक्षण मंच प्रदान करना चाहता है।

6. Kerala Chief Minister Pinarayi Vijayan on 25 September 2021 has announced the setting up of ”digital de-addiction centers”. The center aims to bring children addicted to online games into the mainstream society.

6. केरल के मुख्यमंत्री पिनाराई विजयन ने 25 सितंबर 2021 को ‘डिजिटल नशामुक्ति केंद्रों’ की स्थापना की घोषणा की है। केंद्र का उद्देश्य ऑनलाइन गेम के आदी बच्चों को समाज की मुख्यधारा में लाना है।

7. PM Narendra Modi addressed the 76th session of the United Nations General Assembly in New York on 25 September 2021. He highlighted the issues related to coronavirus disease (Covid-19) pandemic, climate change, and global terrorism.

7. पीएम नरेंद्र मोदी ने 25 सितंबर 2021 को न्यूयॉर्क में संयुक्त राष्ट्र महासभा के 76वें सत्र को संबोधित किया। उन्होंने कोरोनावायरस रोग (कोविड -19) महामारी, जलवायु परिवर्तन और वैश्विक आतंकवाद से संबंधित मुद्दों पर प्रकाश डाला।

8. Bitcoin’s pseudonymous creator Satoshi Nakamoto’s first statue was unveiled in Budapest, Hungary in September 2021. The bronze statue acknowledges the immense contribution to the disruption of traditional currency.

8. बिटकॉइन के छद्म नाम के निर्माता सातोशी नाकामोतो की पहली प्रतिमा का अनावरण सितंबर 2021 में हंगरी के बुडापेस्ट में किया गया था। कांस्य प्रतिमा पारंपरिक मुद्रा के विघटन में अपार योगदान को स्वीकार करती है।

9. The Naga Cucumber from Nagaland has recently been granted the Geographical Indication tag under agricultural products of the Geographical Indications of Goods (Registration and Protection) Act of 1999.

8. बिटकॉइन के छद्म नाम के निर्माता सातोशी नाकामोतो की पहली प्रतिमा का अनावरण सितंबर 2021 में हंगरी के बुडापेस्ट में किया गया था। कांस्य प्रतिमा पारंपरिक मुद्रा के विघटन में अपार योगदान को स्वीकार करती है।

10. Author Vijay Gokhale has come up with his new book titled “The Long Game: How the Chinese Negotiate with India”. Vijay is the former Foreign Secretary of India and also served as the Ambassador of India to China.

10. लेखक विजय गोखले अपनी नई पुस्तक “द लॉन्ग गेम: हाउ द चाइनीज नेगोशिएट विद इंडिया” के साथ आए हैं। विजय भारत के पूर्व विदेश सचिव हैं और उन्होंने चीन में भारत के राजदूत के रूप में भी कार्य किया है।

Hope our Daily Current Affair Update is helping you stay updated!

आशा है कि हमारा न्यूज़लेटर आपको अपडेट रहने में मदद कर रहा है!

How about a quiz now?

अब एक प्रश्नोत्तरी के बारे में क्या?

Alright! Answer this – Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) along with which IIT has decided to launch the online series ‘Eklavya’?

ठीक है! इसका उत्तर – केंद्रीय माध्यमिक शिक्षा बोर्ड (सीबीएसई) ने किस आईआईटी के साथ मिलकर ऑनलाइन श्रृंखला ‘एकलव्य’ शुरू करने का फैसला किया है?

Got it right? – IIT-Gandhinagar

सही किया? – आईआईटी-गांधीनगर

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in English & Hindi

Title:

Author:    UPSC ASPIRANT

Edition:    2021

Publisher:    The Hindu Club

Language:    English\Hindi

Publishing Date:   September 26 2021

1. India ranks 33rd on e-government and 47th on internet affordability, according to a global index on digital quality of life in 110 countries.
1. 110 देशों में जीवन की डिजिटल गुणवत्ता पर एक वैश्विक सूचकांक के अनुसार, भारत ई-सरकार पर 33 वें और इंटरनेट पर 47 वें स्थान पर है।

2. Guatemala’s Fuego volcano began a strong eruptive phase on 23 September 2021.
2. ग्वाटेमाला के फुएगो ज्वालामुखी ने 23 सितंबर 2021 को एक मजबूत विस्फोट चरण शुरू किया।

3. The co-founder of one of India’s thought-provoking discourse platforms, Manthan Ajay Gandhi, passed away in September 2021.
3. भारत के विचारोत्तेजक प्रवचन प्लेटफार्मों में से एक के सह-संस्थापक, मंथन अजय गांधी का सितंबर 2021 में निधन हो गया।

4. Iqbal Preet Singh Sahota has been given the additional charge of Punjab Director General of Police.
4. इकबाल प्रीत सिंह सहोता को पंजाब के पुलिस महानिदेशक का अतिरिक्त प्रभार दिया गया है।

5. The United Nations World Food Program has joined hands with the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT).
5. संयुक्त राष्ट्र विश्व खाद्य कार्यक्रम ने अर्ध-शुष्क उष्णकटिबंधीय के लिए अंतर्राष्ट्रीय फसल अनुसंधान संस्थान (ICRISAT) के साथ हाथ मिलाया है।

6. The Automotive Research Association of India (ARAI) has indigenously developed chargers for electric vehicles.
6. ऑटोमोटिव रिसर्च एसोसिएशन ऑफ इंडिया (एआरएआई) ने इलेक्ट्रिक वाहनों के लिए स्वदेशी रूप से विकसित चार्जर बनाए हैं।

7. Union Minister for Information and Broadcasting Anurag Thakur addressed the Summit for Information and Democracy on 24 September 2021.
7. केंद्रीय सूचना और प्रसारण मंत्री अनुराग ठाकुर ने 24 सितंबर 2021 को सूचना और लोकतंत्र के शिखर सम्मेलन को संबोधित किया।

8. Fossilized footprints have been discovered in New Mexico.
8. न्यू मैक्सिको में जीवाश्म पैरों के निशान खोजे गए हैं।

9. Adani Enterprises has announced the incorporation of wholly-owned arm ‘Adani Digital Labs Pvt Ltd’ (ADLPL).
9. अदानी एंटरप्राइजेज ने पूर्ण स्वामित्व वाली शाखा ‘अडानी डिजिटल लैब्स प्राइवेट लिमिटेड’ (एडीएलपीएल) को शामिल करने की घोषणा की है।

10. OP Jindal Global University has established the Soli J Sorabjee endowment award and scholarship.
10. ओपी जिंदल ग्लोबल यूनिवर्सिटी ने सोली जे सोराबजी एंडोमेंट अवार्ड और छात्रवृत्ति की स्थापना की है।

11. The Defence Ministry has appointed Virender Singh Pathania as the Additional Director General of the Indian Coast Guard headquarters in Delhi.
11. रक्षा मंत्रालय ने वीरेंद्र सिंह पठानिया को दिल्ली में भारतीय तटरक्षक मुख्यालय के अतिरिक्त महानिदेशक के रूप में नियुक्त किया है।

12. The low-pressure area which had formed in the Bay of Bengal has intensified into Cyclone Gulab.
12. बंगाल की खाड़ी में बना निम्न दबाव का क्षेत्र तेज होकर चक्रवात गुलाब में बदल गया है।

13. In Tripura, Member of Tripura Legislative Assembly, Ratan Chakraborty has been elected as the new Speaker of the Tripura Legislative Assembly.
13. त्रिपुरा में, त्रिपुरा विधान सभा के सदस्य, रतन चक्रवर्ती को त्रिपुरा विधान सभा के नए अध्यक्ष के रूप में चुना गया है।

14. Union Information and Broadcasting Minister Anurag Thakur inaugurated high power transmitters at the world’s highest radio station at Humbatingla in Kargil, on 25 Sept’21.
14. केंद्रीय सूचना और प्रसारण मंत्री अनुराग ठाकुर ने 25 सितंबर, 21 को कारगिल के हम्बटिंगला में दुनिया के सबसे ऊंचे रेडियो स्टेशन पर हाई पावर ट्रांसमीटर का उद्घाटन किया।

15. Ministry of Civil Aviation released India’s airspace map for drone operations on 24 September 2021.
15. नागरिक उड्डयन मंत्रालय ने 24 सितंबर 2021 को ड्रोन संचालन के लिए भारत के हवाई क्षेत्र का नक्शा जारी किया।

16. Kamla Bhasin, a noted feminist activist and author, passed away in September 2021.
16. प्रसिद्ध नारीवादी कार्यकर्ता और लेखिका कमला भसीन का सितंबर 2021 में निधन हो गया।

17. Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited (HPCL) is partnering with ICICI Bank.
17. हिंदुस्तान पेट्रोलियम कॉर्पोरेशन लिमिटेड (एचपीसीएल) आईसीआईसीआई बैंक के साथ साझेदारी कर रहा है।

18. Union Minister of State for Tourism G. Kishan Reddy inaugurated the State Soil Testing Laboratory at the Directorate of Social and Water Conservation in Kohima, Nagaland, on 24 Sept’21.
18. केंद्रीय पर्यटन राज्य मंत्री जी. किशन रेड्डी ने 24 सितंबर 21 को कोहिमा, नागालैंड में सामाजिक और जल संरक्षण निदेशालय में राज्य मृदा परीक्षण प्रयोगशाला का उद्घाटन किया।

19. IIT Bombay stands among the top 22 percent in the 2022 QS Graduate Employability Rankings.
19. IIT बॉम्बे 2022 QS ग्रेजुएट एम्प्लॉयबिलिटी रैंकिंग में शीर्ष 22 प्रतिशत में से एक है।

20. Finance Ministry has approved capital expenditure projects worth over 2,903 crore rupees in eight states.
20. वित्त मंत्रालय ने आठ राज्यों में 2,903 करोड़ रुपये से अधिक की पूंजीगत व्यय परियोजनाओं को मंजूरी दी है।

(more…)

Why September is Crucial

Title:    Why September is Crucial

Author:    Business India

Edition:    20 September 2021 – 03 October 2021

Publisher:    Business India

Language:    English

Number of Pages:    65

Publishing Date:    20 September 2021

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August Monthly Magazine

Title:    UPSC IQ August Monthly Magazine 2021

Author:    UPSC IQ

Edition:    AUGUST 2021

Publisher:    UPSC IQ

Language:    English

Number of Pages:    152

Publishing Date:    September 2021

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घटना चक्र 2021 – 22 | Ghatna Chakra 2021-22

आर्थिकी भारत एवं विश्व | Economic Indian & the world

Ghatna Chakra is the one of the great magazine of India, for the UPSC, SSC, Banking and other competitive exams.Samsamyiki Ghatna Chakra Economy English India And World 2021-22 September 2021 

Book    Economics India And World Samsamyiki Ghatna Chakra 20-21

Author    SSGCP GROUP

Binding    Paperback

Publishing Date 2021

Publisher    Sam Samayik Ghatna Chakra Publication

Edition     2021-2022

Number of Pages    454

Language    Hindi

Generic Name    Current affair Books

Country of Origin    India 



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11 September 2021

⚡️ डेली  करंट अफेयर: 11 सितंबर 2021 ⚡️
⚡️ Daily  Current Affairs: 11 September 2021 ⚡️

Q.1. India’s first
indigenous high ash coal gasification based methanol production plant has been
designed at BHEL’s research and development centre located in which city of
India?

Ans. Hyderabad

प्रश्न 1. भारत के किस शहर में स्थित बीएचईएल के अनुसंधान और विकास केंद्र में भारत का पहला स्वदेशी उच्च राख कोयला गैसीकरण आधारित मेथनॉल उत्पादन संयंत्र डिजाइन किया है ?
उत्तर – हैदराबाद

 
Q.2. Prime Minister
Narendra Modi has chaired the annual summit of BRICS, a grouping of how many
countries?

Ans. 5 Countries

प्रश्न 2. प्रधानमंत्री नरेंद्र मोदी ने कितने देशो के समूह ब्रिक्स के सालाना शिखर सम्मेलन की अध्यक्षता की है ?
उत्तर – 5 देशों

 
Q.3. Which country’s
Supreme Court has declared abortion in the state of Coahuila as a criminal
offence?

Ans. Mexico

प्रश्न 3. किस देश के सुप्रीम कोर्ट ने कोहुइला राज्य में गर्भपात को गैर–आपराधिक घोषित कर दिया है ?
उत्तर – मेक्सिको

 
Q.4. Which state of
India has inaugurated the “Emergency Landing Field” built on National
Highway-925 in Barmer?

Ans. Rajasthan
 
प्रश्न 4. भारत के किस राज्य के बाड़मेर में नेशनल हाईवे-925 पर बने “इमरजेंसी लैंडिंग फील्ड” का उद्धाटन किया है ?
उत्तर – राजस्थान
 

Q.5. Which day is
celebrated all over the world on 10th September?

Ans. World Suicide Prevention Day

प्रश्न 5. 10 सितम्बर को विश्वभर में कौन–सा दिवस मनाया जाता है ?
उत्तर – विश्व आत्महत्या रोकथाम दिवस
 

Q.6. Who and HDFC
have signed an MoU to provide credit support to MSMEs?

Ans. NSIC.

प्रश्न 6. MSMES को ऋण सहायता प्रदान करने के लिए एचडीएफसी और किसने एक समझौता ज्ञापन पर हस्ताक्षर किए है ?
उत्तर – एनएसआईसी
 

Q.7. The Cabinet
Committee on Security has approved the purchase of how many transport aircraft?

Ans. 56 Transport

प्रश्न 7. सुरक्षा पर कैबिनेट समिति ने कितने परिवहन विमानों की खरीद को मंजूरी दे दी है ?
उत्तर – 56 परिवहन
 

Q.8. For which the sector has the Central Government approved a production-linked incentive scheme
of Rs 10,683 crore?

Ans. Textile Sector

प्रश्न 8. केंद्र सरकार ने किस क्षेत्र के लिए 10,683 करोड़ रुपये की उत्पादन–लिंक्ड प्रोत्साहन योजना को मंजूरी दी है ?
उत्तर – कपड़ा क्षेत्र
 

Q.9. Which railway the station has been awarded five stars “It Right Station
Certificate”?

Ans. Chandigarh

प्रश्न 9. किस रेलवे स्टेशन को फाइव स्टार “इट राइट स्टेशन प्रमाण पत्र” से सम्मानित किया है ?
उत्तर – चंडीगढ़
 

Q.10. Who has been
awarded the Face of Education Directorate (DoE) by the Delhi government?
Ans. Raj Kumar (Music Teacher)

प्रश्न 10. दिल्ली सरकार ने किसे फेस ऑफ एजुकेशन डायरेक्टोरेट (DoE) से सम्मानित किया है ?
उत्तर – राज कुमार (संगीत शिक्षक)

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ONE LINER CURRENT AFFAIR 

FOR UPSC SSC BANKING RAILWAYS AND OTHER GOVT. EXAM

9 September 2021 DAILY Current Affair

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09 September 2021

⚡️ डेली वन लाइनर करंट अफेयर: 09 सितंबर 2021 ⚡️
⚡️ Daily One-Liner Current Affairs: 09 September 2021 ⚡️

Daily CA One-Liners | 09-09-2021 

*🔰Daily Current Affairs | 09-09-2021*



TOP  ONE LINERS CURRENT AFFAIRS FROM 09 September 2021 Ends here

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08 September 2021

⚡️ डेली वन लाइनर करंट अफेयर: 08 सितंबर 2021 ⚡️
⚡️ Daily One-Liner Current Affairs: 08 September 2021 ⚡️

Daily CA One-Liners | 08-09-2021 

*🔰Daily Current Affairs | 08-09-2021*

1-Praveen Kumar clinched the silver medal in the men’s high jump T64 event of the Paralympics. 

भारत के प्रवीण कुमार ने तोक्यो पैरालंपिक में पुरूषों की ऊंची कूद टी64 स्पर्धा में रजत पदक जीता।

2-India’s Avani Lekhara clinched her second medal at the ongoing Tokyo Paralympics by winning the bronze in women’s 50m Rifle 3 Positions (SH1). 

भारत की अवनि लेखारा ने शुक्रवार को महिलाओं की 50 मीटर राइफल थ्री पोजीशन (एसएच1) स्पर्धा में कांस्य पदक जीतकर मौजूदा टोक्यो पैरालिंपिक में अपना दूसरा पदक जीता।

3-Saudi Arabia will host the inaugural Saudi Green Initiative (SGI) Forum and Middle East Green Initiative (MGI) Summit in October. 

सऊदी अरब अक्टूबर में सऊदी ग्रीन इनिशिएटिव (एसजीआई) फोरम और मिडिल ईस्ट ग्रीन इनिशिएटिव (एमजीआई) शिखर सम्मेलन की मेजबानी करेगा।

4-In a first, in Coal India Ltd. (CIL) under the Ministry of Coal, an innovative Remotely Piloted Aircraft System (RPAS) at Mahanadi Coalfields Ltd (MCL) was inaugurated. 

पहली बार, कोयला मंत्रालय के तहत कोल इंडिया लिमिटेड (सीआईएल) में, महानदी कोलफील्ड्स लिमिटेड (एमसीएल) में एक इनोवेटिव रिमोटली पायलटेड एयरक्राफ्ट सिस्टम (आरपीएएस) का उद्घाटन किया गया।

5-The India Pavilion in Expo 2020 Dubai starting October 1 is set to showcase a resurgent India’s march to becoming a USD 5 Trillion economy in the post-covid world. 

एक अक्टूबर से दुबई के एक्सपो 2020 में भारत पैवेलियन (मंडप) कोविड के बाद की दुनिया में 5 ट्रिलियन डॉलर की अर्थव्यवस्था बनने की ओर गतिशील भारत की यात्रा प्रदर्शित करेगा।

6-The 11th India-United Kingdom Economic and Financial Dialogue (EFD) was held, virtually chaired by Indian Union Minister for Finance & Corporate Affairs Nirmala Sitharaman and the United Kingdom Treasury Chancellor Rishi Sunak. 

11वें भारत-यूनाइटेड किंगडम आर्थिक और वित्तीय संवाद (ईएफडी) आयोजित किया गया, जिसकी अध्यक्षता वर्चुअल रूप में भारत की केंद्रीय वित्त और कॉर्पोरेट कार्य मंत्री निर्मला सीतारमण और यूनाइटेड किंगडम के ट्रेजरी चांसलर ऋषि सुनक ने की।

7-Union Home and Cooperation Minister, Amit Shah launched various development projects at Davanagere in Karnataka today at a total cost of Rs. 50 crore. 

केंद्रीय मंत्री ने कर्नाटक के दावणगेरे में कुल 50 करोड़ रुपये की लागत से विभिन्न विकास परियोजनाओं का शुभारंभ किया।

8-Union Minister of State for Power and Heavy Industries, Krishan Pal Gurjar, today chaired the “Meeting of BRICS Ministers of Energy” under the Chairship of India. 

केंद्रीय विद्युत और भारी उद्योग राज्य मंत्री कृष्ण पाल गुर्जर ने वर्चुअल माध्यम से ब्रिक्स एनर्जी रिपोर्ट 2021, ब्रिक्स एनर्जी टेक्नोलॉजी रिपोर्ट 2021 और ब्रिक्स एनर्जी रिसर्च डायरेक्टरी 2021 लॉन्च कीं।

9-Power Grid Corporation of India Limited (POWERGRID) has been awarded the coveted “Association for Talent Development (ATD) 2021 BEST Award”.

पावरग्रिड कॉरपोरेशन ऑफ इंडिया लिमिटेड (पॉवरग्रिड) को प्रतिष्ठित “एसोसिएशन फॉर टैलेंट डेवलपमेंट (एटीडी) 2021 बेस्ट अवार्ड” से सम्मानित किया गया है।

10-The National Hydroelectric Power Corporation (NHPC) Ltd, has indigenously renovated & modernized its 180 MW Baira Siul Power Station and commenced commercial operations. 

नेशनल हाइड्रोइलेक्ट्रिक पावर कॉरपोरेशन (एनएचपीसी) लिमिटेड ने अपने 180 मेगावाट बैरा स्यूल पावर स्टेशन का स्वदेशी रूप से नवीनीकरण और आधुनिकीकरण किया है।

 

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✅ TOKYO PARALYMPIC 2020

In this post, we are going to summarize the whole TOKYO PARALYMPIC 2020 event, in a while, this List will help the aspirants of UPSC STATE PCS SSC BANKING RAILWAYS.

   
💠Overview with Facts💠

🔷 Host city: Tokyo, Japan
🔷 Motto: United by Emotion
🔷 Opening: 24 August 2021
🔷 Closing: 5 September 2021
🔷 Opened By: Emperor Naruhito
🔷 Paralympic mascot: Someity
💠 Javelin thrower Tek Chand was the flag bearer at the opening ceremony of the Tokyo Paralympics
💠 Shooter Avani Lekhara was India’s flag-bearer at the closing ceremony
💠 Badminton and taekwondo made their Paralympic debut in Tokyo
💠 Shooter Avani Lekhara became the first Indian woman to win two medals – a gold and a bronze – at the Paralympics

Ⓜ️ PARALYMPIC SONG Ⓜ️
💠 Song titled : “Kar De Kamaal Tu”
🔷 Composer & Singer: Sanjeev Singh

🥇GOLD MEDAL
♦️Sumit Antil (Haryana) – Javelin Throw
♦️Pramod Bhagat (Bihar) – Badminton
♦️Krishna Nagar (Rajasthan)  – Badminton
♦️Manish Narwal (Haryana) – Shooting
♦️Avani Lekhara (Rajasthan)– Shooting

🥈SILVER MEDAL
♦️Yogesh Kathuniya (Haryana) –Discus Throw
♦️Nishad Kumar (Himachal Pradesh) – High Jump
♦️Mariyappan Thangavelu (Tamil Nadu) – High Jump
♦️Praveen Kumar (Uttar Pradesh) – High Jump
♦️Devendra Jhajharia (Rajasthan) – Javelin Throw
♦️Suhas Yathiraj ( Uttar Pradesh) – Badminton
♦️Singhraj Adhana (Haryana) – Shooting
♦️Bhavina Patel ( Gujarat) – Table Tennis

🥉BRONZE MEDAL
♦️Harvinder Singh (Haryana) – Archery
♦️Sharad Kumar ( Bihar) – High Jump
♦️Sundar Singh Gurjar (Rajasthan) – Javelin Throw
♦️Manoj Sarkar ( Uttarakhand) – Badminton
♦️Singhraj Adhana ( Haryana)– Shooting
♦️Avani Lekhara (Rajasthan) – Shooting

🏆 FINAL MEDAL TALLY
🔷 1st Rank : CHINA
🔶 [ 96 (G) 60 (S) 51 (B) = 207 ]
🔷 2nd Rank : Great Britain
🔶 [ 41 (G) 38 (S) 45 (B) = 124 ]
🔷 3rd Rank : United States
🔶 [ 37 (G) 36 (S) 31 ( B) = 104
🔷 24 Position : INDIA
🔶 [ 5 (G) 8(S) 6 (B) = 19]

🔰 SUMMER PARALYMPIC GAMES
🔶 2020: Tokyo, Japan
🔶 2024: Paris, France
🔶 2028: Los Angeles, US
🔶 2032: Brisbane, Australia

CLICK HERE TO DOWNLOAD PDF  👉CLICK HERE👈

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The Files, Links and web addresses linked to the contents, posts, pages, images of/on this website are not hosted by us, neither we know the sources, we are not the owners, we collect links already spread on the internet and we want to help students and the audiences, we help them via referring them to the websites, files, docs hey are looking for with the link of the destination. All the files are hosted on external servers by different owners and we assure you w have no communication or any relationship with them. We Do comply with the internet rules, www.thehindu.club does not hold responsibility for content hosted on third-party websites and does not have any involvement in the same. You can refer to the Disclaimer Page to read our website disclaimer and for more details Reach us via Contact Page.

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07 September 2021

⚡️ डेली वन लाइनर करंट अफेयर: 07 सितंबर 2021 ⚡️
⚡️ Daily One-Liner Current Affairs: 07 September 2021 ⚡️

Daily CA One-Liners | 07-09-2021 

1. Indian Railways’ Chandigarh Railway Station has been awarded a 5- star ‘Eat Right Station’ certification for providing high-quality, nutritious food to passengers.

भारतीय रेलवे के चंडीगढ़ रेलवे स्टेशन को यात्रियों को उच्च गुणवत्ता, पौष्टिक भोजन प्रदान करने के लिए 5-स्टार ‘ईट राइट स्टेशन’ प्रमाणन से सम्मानित किया गया है।

2. Coal India Limited (CIL) Chairman Pramod Agrawal laid the foundation stone of Mahanadi Coalfields Limited’s Rs 285.05 crore first-mile connectivity (FMC) project of Lajkura SILO at Ib valley in Jharsuguda district.

कोल इंडिया लिमिटेड (सीआईएल) के चेयरमैन प्रमोद अग्रवाल ने झारसुगुडा जिले की इब घाटी में महानदी कोलफील्ड्स लिमिटेड की 285.05 करोड़ रुपये की फर्स्ट माइल कनेक्टिविटी (एफएमसी) परियोजना की आधारशिला रखी।

3. A 200 personnel contingent of Indian Army will participate in Exercise ZAPAD 2021, a Multi Nation exercise being held at Nizhniy, Russia from 03 to 16 September 2021.

भारतीय सेना का 200 सैनिकों का एक दल दिनांक 03 से 16 सितंबर 2021 तक रूस के निझनी में आयोजित होने वाला एक बहुराष्ट्रीय अभ्यास जैपेड 2021 में भाग लेगा।

4. The India – Kazakhstan joint military exercise “KAZIND-21” commenced at Training Node Aisha Bibi, Kazakhstan. This is the 5th Edition of Annual bilateral joint exercise of both Armies and will continue till 10th September 2021.

भारत-कज़ाकिस्तान संयुक्त सैन्य अभ्यास “काज़इंड-21” ट्रेनिंग नोड आयशा बीबी कज़ाकिस्तान में शुरू हुआ। यह अभ्यास दोनों देशों की सेना के वार्षिक द्विपक्षीय संयुक्त अभ्यास का 5वां संस्करण है और 10 सितंबर 2021 तक जारी रहेगा।

5. In a glittering ceremony that reflected the whole government approach of PM Modi and saw the participation of his six cabinet colleagues, Union Minister of Ayush Sarbanand Sonowal launched the ‘Y-Break’ mobile application at Vigyan Bhawan.

एक शानदार समारोह, जिसमें पीएम मोदी का संपूर्ण सरकार दृष्टिकोण प्रदर्शित हुआ और उनकी कैबिनेट के छह सहयोगियों ने भागीदारी की, केंद्रीय आयुष मंत्री सर्बानंद सोनोवाल ने विज्ञान भवन में ‘वाई-ब्रेक’ मोबाइल ऐप्लिकेशन लॉन्च किया।

6. Civil Aviation Minister Jyotiraditya Scindia inaugurates first direct Gwalior – Indore flight.

नागरिक उड्डयन मंत्री ज्योतिरादित्य सिंधिया ने ग्वालियर-इंदौर के बीच पहली सीधी उड़ान की शुरुआत की।

7. Sports Minister Anurag Thakur and Education Minister Dharmendra Pradhan launch first-ever nation-wide quiz on sports and fitness.

खेल मंत्री अनुराग ठाकुर तथा शिक्षा मंत्री धर्मेंद्र प्रधान ने खेल और फिटनेस पर पहली बार आयोजित की जा रही राष्ट्रीय स्तर की क्विज प्रतियोगिता का शुभारंभ किया।

8. Television actor Sidharth Shukla died in Mumbai. He was 40.

टेलीविजन अभिनेता सिद्धार्थ शुक्ला का मुंबई में निधन हो गया। वह 40 वर्ष के थे।

9. Journalist and former Rajya Sabha member Chandan Mitra passed away. He was 66.

पत्रकार और पूर्व राज्यसभा सदस्य चंदन मित्रा का निधन हो गया। वह 66 वर्ष के थे।

10. Kashmiri separatist leader Syed Ali Geelani has died in Srinagar at the age of 92.

कश्मीरी अलगाववादी नेता सैयद अली गिलानी का 92 वर्ष की आयु में श्रीनगर में निधन हो गया है।
 

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UPSC, SSC, IBPS, BANKING, RAILWAYS, NDA, AFCAT, JE Toppers said that they revised the current affairs daily and that encouraged them to succeed.
 
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[This post is purely made for educational purposes and we do not intend to offend anyone on the internet if we do please write us at email@hackitosh.com.]

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We post daily Current Affairs, Daily the Hindu newspaper Vocabulary, Daily The Hindu Analysis All in One Editorial and a lot more.

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07 September 2021

⚡️ डेली वन लाइनर करंट अफेयर: 07 सितंबर 2021 ⚡️
⚡️ Daily One-Liner Current Affairs: 07 September 2021 ⚡️

Q.1. What is the rank of India in the Para Olympics held in Tokyo?

Ans. 24th

प्रश्न 1. टोक्यो में हुए पैरा ओलंपिक में भारत किस स्थान पर रहा है ?

उत्तर – 24वें

Q.2. Which has become India’s first e-vehicle friendly highway?

Ans. Delhi – Chandigarh Highway

प्रश्न 2. भारत का पहला ई-व्हीकल अनुकूल हाईवे कौन-सा बना है ?

उत्तर – दिल्ली – चंडीगढ़ हाइवे

Q.3. Which bank has raised Rs 4,000 crore through Additional Tier 1 (ATI) bonds?

Ans. State Bank of India (SBI)

प्रश्न 3. किस बैंक ने अतिरिक्त टियर 1 (ATI) बांड के माध्यम से 4,000 करोड़ रुपये जुटाए है ?

उत्तर – भारतीय स्टेट बैंक (SBI)

Q.4. Which country has become the first Asian country to launch the Plastics Agreement?

Ans. India

प्रश्न 4. कौन-सा देश प्लास्टिक समझौता लॉन्च करने वाला पहला एशियाई देश बन गया है ?

उत्तर – भारत

Q.5. Which company has been fined Rs 1971 crore by the Government of Ireland for not maintaining transparency in the privacy policy of the users?

Ans. WhatsApp Messenger

प्रश्न 5. आयरलैंड की सरकार ने यूजर्स के प्राइवेसी पॉलिसी में ट्रांसपैरेंसी नहीं बरतने के आरोप में किस कंपनी पर 1971 करोड़ रुपए का जुर्माना लगाया है ?

उत्तर – WhatsApp

Q.6. In which city did Smt Nirmala Sitharaman lay the foundation stone of the Income Tax Department’s office building?

Ans. Bangalore (Karnataka)

प्रश्न 6. श्रीमती निर्मला सीतारमण ने किस शहर में आयकर विभाग के कार्यालय भवन की आधारशिला रखी है ?

उत्तर – बेंगलुरू (कर्नाटक)

Q.7. Ladakh has declared two endangered species snow leopard and which new state animal state bird?

Ans. Black Necked Crane

प्रश्न 7. लद्दाख ने दो लुप्तप्राय प्रजातियों हिम तेंदुआ और किसे नया राज्य पशु राज्य पक्षी घोषित किया है ?

उत्तर – ब्लैक नेक्ड क्रेन

Q.8. Which organization has released the Social Security Report 2020-22?

Ans. International Labor Organization

प्रश्न 8. किस संगठन ने सामाजिक सुरक्षा रिपोर्ट 2020-22 जारी की है ?

उत्तर – अंतर्राष्ट्रीय श्रम संगठन

Q.9. Who has approved the indigenous corona vaccine CORBEVAX for clinical trials?

Ans. Drug Controller General of India

प्रश्न 9. किसने स्वदेशी कोरोना वैक्सीन CORBEVAX को क्लिनिकल परीक्षण के लिए मंजूरी दे दी है ?

उत्तर – ड्रग कंट्रोलर जनरल ऑफ इंडिया

Q.10. Which e-commerce company has announced the launch of Kisan Store?

Ans. Amazon India

प्रश्न 10. किस ई-कॉमर्स कंपनी ने किसान स्टोर लॉन्च करने की घोषणा की है ?

उत्तर – अमेज़न इंडिया

TOP 10 CURRENT AFFAIRS FROM 07 September Ends here

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04 September 2021

⚡️ डेली वन लाइनर करंट अफेयर: 04 सितंबर 2021 ⚡️
⚡️ Daily One-Liner Current Affairs: 04 September 2021 ⚡️

1. India all-rounder Stuart Binny announced his retirement from first-class and international cricket.

भारत के हरफनमौला खिलाड़ी स्टुअर्ट बिन्नी ने प्रथम श्रेणी और अंतरराष्ट्रीय क्रिकेट से संन्यास की घोषणा की।

2. India’s Avani Lekhara won the first gold medal for the country at the Tokyo Paralympic Games in Women’s 10m Air Rifle SH1 with a world record score of 249.6 in the elimination round.

भारत की अवनि लेखरा ने 249.6 के विश्व रिकॉर्ड स्कोर के साथ महिलाओं की 10 मीटर एयर राइफल एसएच1 में टोक्यो पैरालंपिक खेलों में देश के लिए पहला स्वर्ण पदक जीता।

3. India’s Devendra Jhajharia won the silver medal in the men’s javelin throw – F46 final event at the Tokyo Paralympics with his best throw of 64.35, while Sundar Singh Gurjar won the bronze medal in the same event with his best throw of 64.01.

भारत के देवेंद्र झाझरिया ने टोक्यो पैरालिंपिक में पुरुषों की भाला फेंक – एफ 46 फाइनल स्पर्धा में 64.35 के अपने सर्वश्रेष्ठ थ्रो के साथ रजत पदक जीता, जबकि सुंदर सिंह गुर्जर ने इसी स्पर्धा में 64.01 के अपने सर्वश्रेष्ठ थ्रो के साथ कांस्य पदक जीता।

4. Yogesh Kathuniya has won silver for India in the Tokyo Paralympics 2020 Men’s Discus Throw Final event in the F56 category.

योगेश काथुनिया ने टोक्यो पैरालम्पिक 2020 पुरुष डिस्कस थ्रो एफ56 वर्ग में भारत के लिए रजत पदक जीता।

5. In Tokyo Paralympics, India’s Nishad Kumar has won a silver medal with a best effort of 2.06 meters in the Men’s High Jump T47 event.

टोक्यो पैरालिंपिक में भारत के निषाद कुमार ने पुरुषों की ऊंची कूद टी47 स्पर्धा में 2.06 मीटर के सर्वश्रेष्ठ प्रयास के साथ रजत पदक जीता।

6. In Tokyo Paralympics, Vinod Kumar wins the Bronze medal with a best effort of 19.91 meters in the Men’s Discus Throw F52 event.

टोक्यो पैरालिंपिक में, विनोद कुमार ने पुरुषों के डिस्कस थ्रो एफ52 इवेंट में 19.91 मीटर के सर्वश्रेष्ठ प्रयास के साथ कांस्य पदक जीता।

7. Union Minister for Health and Family Welfare and Chemical and Fertilizer Mansukh Mandaviya released the first commercial batch of COVAXIN from Chiron Behring Vaccines facility of Bharat Biotech in Ankleshwar, Gujarat.

केंद्रीय स्वास्थ्य और परिवार कल्याण तथा रसायन और उर्वरक मंत्री मनसुख मंडाविया ने अंकलेश्वर, गुजरात में भारत बायोटेक की चिरोन बेहरिंग वैक्सीन सुविधा से कोवैक्सिन का पहला वाणिज्यिक बैच जारी किया।

8. Hardeep Singh Puri, Union Minister of Housing & Urban Affairs and Petroleum & Natural Gas inaugurated the 7.5-km long Western Extension Metro Line under Phase-2 of Bengaluru’s Namma Metro, from Mysore Road to Kengeri Metro Station.

केंद्रीय आवास और शहरी कार्य और पेट्रोलियम तथा प्राकृतिक गैस मंत्री, हरदीप सिंह पुरी ने बेंगलुरु के नम्मा मेट्रो के चरण -2 के तहत मैसूर रोड से केंगेरी मेट्रो स्टेशन तक 7.5 किलोमीटर लंबी पश्चिमी विस्तार मेट्रो लाइन का उद्घाटन किया।

9. Dr L. Murugan, Union Minister of State for Information & Broadcasting inaugurated a community radio station in Mysuru.

सूचना और प्रसारण राज्यमंत्री डॉ. एल. मुरुगन ने मैसूर में एक सामुदायिक रेडियो स्टेशन का उद्घाटन किया।

10. The performance test run of the first metro rail in Bangladesh was conducted in Dhaka. The metro rail test run with 6 coaches was conducted over a distance of 6 kilometres from Uttara North to Pallabi.

बांग्लादेश की राजधानी ढाका में पहली मेट्रो रेलगाड़ी के परिचालन का परीक्षण किया गया। ढाका में उत्तरा से पलाबी के बीच छह किलोमीटर की दूरी छह डिब्बों के साथ तय की गई।

11. Tamil Nadu government’s Department of Fisheries will establish an integrated fisheries college-cum-research centre at Tuticorin to provide scientific training to fishermen to improve their skill set.

तमिलनाडु सरकार का मत्स्य विभाग मछुआरों को उनके कौशल में सुधार के लिए वैज्ञानिक प्रशिक्षण प्रदान करने के लिए तूतीकोरिन में एक एकीकृत मत्स्य पालन कॉलेज-सह-अनुसंधान केंद्र स्थापित करेगा।

12. The Finance Ministry has extended the last date to avail of the late fee amnesty scheme under the Goods and Services Act (GST), till November 30.

वित्त मंत्रालय ने वस्तु एवं सेवा अधिनियम (जीएसटी) के तहत विलंब शुल्क माफी योजना का लाभ उठाने की अंतिम तिथि 30 नवंबर तक बढ़ा दी है।

TOP 12 One-Liner CURRENT AFFAIRS FROM 4 September Ends here

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04 September 2021

⚡️ डेली वन लाइनर करंट अफेयर: 04 सितंबर 2021 ⚡️
⚡️ Daily One-Liner Current Affairs: 04 September 2021 ⚡️

प्रश्न 1. केंद्र सरकार ने ‘समूह ग’ की नौकरियों में कितने नए खेलों को शामिल कर उनको स्पोर्ट्स कोटा के तहत नौकरी देने की घोषणा की है ?

उत्तर – 20 नए खेल

Q.1. The central government has announced to include how many new sports in ‘Group C’ jobs and give them jobs under sports quota?

Ans. 20 New Games

प्रश्न 2. बिग बॉस 13 के विजेता सिद्धार्थ शुक्ला का निधन कितने वर्ष की उम्र में हुआ ?

उत्तर – 40 वर्ष

Q.2. At what age did Bigg Boss 13 winner Siddharth Shukla pass away?

Ans. 40 years

प्रश्न 3. किस राज्य सरकार ने “Innovation Mission Punjab” की शुरुआत की है ?

उत्तर – पंजाब सरकार

Q.3. Which state government has launched “Innovation Mission Punjab”?

Ans. Government of Punjab

प्रश्न 4. केंद्रीय आयुष मंत्री का नाम बताइए, जिन्होंने हाल ही में विज्ञान भवन में “वाई-ब्रेक” मोबाइल ऐप्लिकेशन लॉन्च किया है ?

उत्तर – सर्बानंद सोनोवाल

Q.4. Name the Union Minister of AYUSH, who has recently launched the “Wi-Break” mobile application at Vigyan Bhawan?

Ans. Sarbananda Sonowal

प्रश्न 5. किस राज्य सरकार ने राजीव गांधी राष्ट्रीय उद्यान का नाम बदलकर ‘ओरंग राष्ट्रीय उद्यान’ करने की घोषणा की है ?

उत्तर – असम सरकार

Q.5. Which state government has announced to change the name of Rajiv Gandhi National Park to ‘Orang National Park’?

Ans: Government of Assam

प्रश्न 6. IIT रोपड़ और कानपुर के वैज्ञानिकों और किस विश्वविद्यालय के प्रबंधन अध्ययन संकाय द्वारा विश्व का पहला “प्लांट बेस्ड स्मार्ट एयर-प्यूरिफायर” विकसित किया है ?

उत्तर – दिल्ली विश्वविद्यालय

Q.6. The world’s first “Plant-Based Smart Air-Purifier” has been developed by the scientists of IIT Ropar and Kanpur and the Faculty of Management Studies of which university?

Ans: Delhi University

प्रश्न 7. NPCI के मुताबिक, इस वर्ष किस महीने में यूपीआई के द्वारा 3.55 बिलियन का लेन-देन दर्ज दिया गया है ?

उत्तर – अगस्त 2021

Q.7. According to NPCI, in which month of the year, transactions worth 3.55 billion have been registered by UPI?

Ans: August 2021

प्रश्न 8. किस विश्वविद्यालय की रिपोर्ट के मुताबिक, वायु प्रदूषण के कारण भारतीयों का जीवन 9 वर्ष तक कम हो सकता है ?

उत्तर – शिकागो विश्वविद्यालय

Q.8. According to the report of which university, the life of Indians can be reduced by 9 years due to air pollution?

Ans: University of Chicago

प्रश्न 9. जम्मू-कश्मीर के अलगाववादी नेता सैयद अली शाह गिलानी का कितने वर्ष की उम्र में निधन हुआ ?

उत्तर- 91 वर्ष

Q.9. At what age did the separatist leader of Jammu and Kashmir Syed Ali Shah Geelani pass away?

Ans: 91 Years

प्रश्न 10. राज्यसभा के पूर्व सांसद और किस पेशे से सम्बंधित चंदन मित्रा का 65 साल की उम्र में निधन हो गया है ?

उत्तर – पत्रकार

Q.10. Chandan Mitra, former Rajya Sabha MP and related to which profession, has passed away at the age of 65?

Ans: Journalist

11. टोक्यो पैरालम्पिक की शूटिंग में किन पैराशूटर्स ने गोल्ड एवं सिल्वर मेडल जीत लिया है?

उत्तर : मनीष नरवाल (गोल्ड मेडल), सिंहराज अधाना (सिल्वर मेडल)।

11. Which parachuters have won gold and silver medals in the shooting of Tokyo Paralympics?

Ans: Manish Narwal (Gold Medal), Singhraj Adhana (Silver Medal).

12. प्रधानमंत्री नरेंद्र मोदी आज किस सम्मेलन को सम्बोधित करेंगे?

उत्तर : अंतर्राष्ट्रीय जलवायु शिखर सम्मेलन 2021

12. Which conference will Prime Minister Narendra Modi address today?

Ans: International Climate Summit 2021

13. कौन इंस्टाग्राम पर 150 मिलियन फॉलोवर्स के साथ एशिया के पहले सेलिब्रिटी बन गए हैं, इसके साथ ही विश्व में फॉलोवर्स के मामले में वे चौथे नम्बर पर पहुँच गए है?

उत्तर: विराट कोहली

13. Who has become the first Asian celebrity to have 150 million followers on Instagram, taking them to the fourth position in the world in terms of followers?

Ans: Virat Kohli

14. वर्ल्ड फोटोग्राफर ऑफ द ईयर 2021 का अवार्ड किसे प्रदान किया गया है?

उत्तर : एलेजांद्रो प्रीतो

14. Who has been awarded the World Photographer of the Year 2021?

Ans: Alejandro Prieto

15. किस देश के प्रधानमंत्री योशिहिदे सुगा ने अपने पद से इस्तीफा देने की घोषणा की है?

उत्तर : जापान

15. Which country’s Prime Minister Yoshihide Suga has announced his resignation from his post?

Ans: Japan

16. कोयला मंत्रालय ने डीजल को किसमें बदलने के लिए पायलट प्रोजेक्ट शुरू किया है?

उत्तर : द्रवीकृत प्राकृतिक गैस (एलएनजी)

16. Coal Ministry has launched a pilot project to convert diesel to?

Ans: Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)

17. अंतर्राष्ट्रीय क्रिकेट में कौन-सा खिलाड़ी 15 हजार रन बनाने वाला भारत का 8वां खिलाड़ी बन गया है?

उत्तर : रोहित शर्मा

17. Which player has become the 8th player of India to score 15,000 runs in international cricket?

Ans: Rohit Sharma

18. देश में पिछले 24 घंटे में कोरोना के कितने नए मामले सामने आये है?

उत्तर: 42,618 (330 मौतें)

18. How many new cases of corona have been reported in the country in the last 24 hours?

Ans : 42,618 (330 Deaths)

19. एचडीएफसी लाइफ इंश्योरेंस ने एक्साइड इंडस्ट्रीज लिमिटेड की किस अनुषंगी इकाई का 6687 करोड़ रूपए में अधिग्रहण करने की घोषणा की है?

उत्तर : एक्साइड लाइफ इंश्योरेंस

19. HDFC Life Insurance has announced the acquisition of which subsidiary of Exide Industries Limited for Rs 6687 crore?

Ans: Exide Life Insurance

20. 05 सितम्बर को प्रतिवर्ष देशभर में किस दिवस के रूप में मनाया जाता है?

उत्तर : शिक्षक दिवस

20. September 05 is celebrated every year as which day across the country?

Ans: Teacher’s Day

TOP 20 CURRENT AFFAIRS FROM 4 September Ends here

We have been helping thousands of aspirants from different parts of Indian and the world, we have served them with quality content and support, we love to encourage you to move forward and achieve success and we pray for your prosperity.

Did you know that current affairs play a vital and important role if you are preparing for a government job exam?

UPSC, SSC, IBPS, BANKING, RAILWAYS, NDA, AFCAT, JE Toppers said that they revised the current affairs daily and that encouraged them to succeed.
 
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3rd September 2021

⚡️ दैनिक करेंट अफेयर्स: 03 सितंबर 2021 ⚡️
⚡️ Daily Current Affairs: 03 September 2021 ⚡️

प्रश्न 1. भारतीय नौसेना और किस नौसेनाओं ने अल्जीरिया के तट पर अपना पहला नौसैनिक अभ्यास आयोजित किया है
उत्तर :  अल्जीरियाई नौसेना

Q.1. Indian and which navies have conducted their first naval exercise off the coast of Algeria?
Answer: Algerian Navy

Q.2. Which neighbouring country of India has declared a state of emergency over food shortage?
Answer: Sri Lanka

Q.3. The world’s highest motorable road connecting Leh to which lake has been inaugurated in Ladakh?
Answer: Pangong Lake

उत्तर: विश्व नारियल दिवस।

Q.4. Which day is celebrated all over the world on 2nd September?
Answer: World Coconut Day

प्रश्न 5. कौन-सा आईआईटी संस्थान इलेक्ट्रॉनिक कचरे से निपटने के लिए e-Source नाम का ऑनलाइन प्लेटफॉर्म विकसित कर रहा है ?
उत्तर:  आईआईटी मद्रास।

Q.5. Which IIT institute is developing an online platform named e-Source to deal with electronic waste?
Answer: IIT Madras

उत्तर: ओम बिड़ला।

Q.6. Name the Speaker of Lok Sabha who has inaugurated the Parliamentary Outreach Programme.
Answer: Om Birla

प्रश्न 7. भारत का कौन-सा राज्य 100% कोविड-19 टीकाकरण करवाने वाला देश का पहला राज्य बन गया है ?
उत्तर : हिमाचल प्रदेश।

Q.7. Which state of India has become the first state in the country to get 100% Kovid-19 vaccination?
Answer: Himachal Pradesh.

उत्तर : पंकज कुमार सिंह।

Q.8. Who has been appointed as the new Director-General of Border Security Force?
Answer: Pankaj Kumar Singh.

TOP 10 CURRENT AFFAIRS FROM 3rdSeptember Ends here

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2nd September 2021

⚡️ दैनिक करेंट अफेयर्स: 02 सितंबर 2021 ⚡️
⚡️ Daily Current Affairs: 02 September 2021 ⚡️

1. केंद्रीय खेल मंत्री अनुराग ठाकुर एवं शिक्षा मंत्री धर्मेंद्र प्रधान ने फिटनेस एवं खेलों पर राष्ट्रीय स्तर के क्विज की शुरुआत की है उस क्विज का नाम क्या है?

उत्तर : द फिट इंडिया क्विज

1. Union Sports Minister Anurag Thakur and Education Minister Dharmendra Pradhan have started a national level quiz on fitness and sports, what is the name of that quiz?

Answer: The Fit India Quiz

2. जम्मू कश्मीर के पुनर्गठन के बाद लद्दाख ने किसे राज्य पक्षी एवं राज्य पशु घोषित किया है?

उत्तर : काली गर्दन वाला सारस (राज्य पक्षी), हिम तेंदुआ (राज्य पशु)।

2. After the reorganization of Jammu and Kashmir, Ladakh has declared which state bird and state animal?

Answer: Black-necked stork (state bird), Snow leopard (state animal).

3. केंद्रीय प्रत्यक्ष कर बोर्ड (सीबीडीटी) का नया चेयरमैन किसे नियुक्त किया गया है?

उत्तर : जगन्नाथ विद्याधर महापात्र

3. Who has been appointed as the new chairman of the Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT)?

Answer: Jagannath Vidyadhar Mohapatra

4. इस साल के रैमन मैग्सेसे पुरस्कार किन लोगों को प्रदान किया गया है?

उत्तर : डॉ. फिरदौसी कादरी (बांग्लादेश), मोहम्मद अमजद साकिब (पाकिस्तान), रॉबर्टो बैलोन (फिलीपींस), स्टीवन मंशी (अमेरिकी), वॉचडॉक (इंडोनेशिया)।

 4. Who has been awarded this year’s Ramon Magsaysay Award?

Answer: Dr Firdausi Qadri (Bangladesh), Mohammad Amjad Saqib (Pakistan), Roberto Ballon (Philippines), Steven Manshi (American), Watchdog (Indonesia).

5. किस देश के राष्ट्रपति ने विदेशी मुद्रा संकट के चलते खाद्य आपातकाल की घोषणा की है?

उत्तर : श्रीलंका

5. Which country’s President has declared a food emergency due to the foreign exchange crisis?

Answer: Sri Lanka

6. आज के दिन (02 सितम्बर) को विश्व भर में किस दिवस के रूप में मनाया जा रहा है?

उत्तर : विश्व नारियल दिवस

6. Today (September 02) is being celebrated as which day all over the world?

Answer: World Coconut Day

7. किस अलगाववादी हुर्रियत नेता का 92 वर्ष की उम्र में निधन हो गया है?

उत्तर : सैयद अली शाह गिलानी

7. Which separatist Hurriyat leader has passed away at the age of 92?

Answer: Syed Ali Shah Geelani

8. देश में पिछले 24 घंटे में कोरोना के कितने नए मामले सामने आये है?

उत्तर : 47,092 (509 मौतें)

8. How many new cases of corona have been reported in the country in the last 24 hours?

Answer: 47,092 (509 deaths)

9. भारतीय रिजर्व बैंक ने केवाईसी (KYC) नियमों के पालन में ढिलाई को लेकर किस बैंक पर 25 लाख का जुर्माना लगा दिया है?

उत्तर : एक्सिस बैंक

9. Which bank has been fined 25 lakhs by the Reserve Bank of India for laxity in complying with KYC rules?

Answer: Axis Bank

10. किस जाने-माने पत्रकार, पायोनीर के एडिटर इन चीफ और मैनेजिंग डॉयरेक्टर एवं पूर्व राज्यसभा सांसद का निधन हो गया है?

उत्तर : चन्दन मित्रा

10. Which eminent journalist, editor-in-chief and managing director of Pioneer and former Rajya Sabha MP has passed away?

Answer: Chandan Mitra

TOP 10 CURRENT AFFAIRS FROM 2nd September Ends here

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